'NASPOT 11' (2R (2S (3Z • 6Z • 9Z)-heneicosatriene (3Z • 6Z)-cis-9 (CMD) (E (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (EACMV) (MFIs) (OFSP) (R)-2-nonyl butyrate (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone (R)-4-methyloctanoic acid (S (S )-2-hydroxy-3-decanone (Z (Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene (Z)-7-Pentadecene (Z)-8-Heptadecene 1-MCP 1-methylcyclopropene 10- 10-epoxyheneicosadiene 11-tetradecadienyl acetate 12 15-pentacosapentaene 15N natural abundance method 16SrRNA 2 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol 2-acetoxy-5-undecanone 2-acetoxyundecane 2-arylbenzofurans 2-undecanol 2-undecanone 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 27 ethylene 3 dihydroxyoctane 3-Glucanase 3-hydroxy-2-decanone 36 biofortified maize storage 3d 3D motion tracking 3D tracking 4-D 4-methylguaiacol 4p1000 6 8Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene 8Z)-2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene(2S 8Z)-8-heptadecen-2-ol 9 9-nonadecadiene [beta]-amylase a-pinene A. corpulentus A. gallagheri A. guineensis A. importunus A. mitchelli A. sciangallorum A. socotrensis A/H1N1influenza Ab initio AB SOLiD ABA ABA-GE abanana Abiotic stress above-ground store above-ground–below-ground interactions Aboveground biomass abscisic acid absence of surface water abstracts abundance Acacia cyanophylla Acanthoscelides obtectus acaricidal efficacy acaricidal plants acaricide ACC synthase accelerometry Accelerometry devices acceptability acceptance access Access to credit access to markets acclimation Acetaldehyde acetones Acetylcholinesterase acid betaine Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Acomys Aconitum acoustic behaviour acoustic communication acoustic distortion acoustic measurements Acoustical Ecology acoustics acquisition acridae acrididae acridinae acromyrmex ACS1 Actellic Super Dust action learning Action research activation energy Activity rhythms Actographs acute malnutrition Acyrthosiphon pisum adaptation Adaptation strategies Adaptation strategy adaptation to climate change adaptive behaviour adaptive behaviours adaptive capacity adaptive resource management adaptive transition cycle adaptive transition management Addis Ababa adiabatic flame temperature adjustment adolescents Adoption adoption and dissemination or diffusion of technology adoption intensity determinants adult Adult education adult literacy program adventitious roots advertisement calls advocacy Aedes Aedes aegypti Aegilops tauschii aerial migration aerial sampling aerial sampling of mosquitoes aerial spraying aerial trapping Aerial trapping studies aerobiology aeroecology aerosol aerosol insecticide Aethomys affective test affordable diet afforestation aflatoxin aflatoxin B1 aflatoxin B1 Collapse aflatoxin determination aflatoxin M1 aflatoxins Africa African agriculture African armyworm African Barred Owlet African crop pests African diatomaceous earths African export African farming African Great Lakes Region African horse sickness African Postharvest Loss Information System (APHLIS) African Postharvest Loss Information System (APHLIS) african soil African supply chain African Trypanosomiasis African wild yobacco African Yam Bean age factors age structure age-structured model agencies Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum yellow vein virus (AJ810825) Aggregate distribution aggregate stability aggregation pheromone agitated thin film drying agitation agrarian change agrarian societies agrarian transitions agreement Agri-environmental monitoring agri-food agri-food system agri-food systems agribusiness Agribusiness investment agricultural biodiversity agricultural co-operatives agricultural commercialisation agricultural commodities agricultural concerns agricultural cooperation agricultural development agricultural distortions agricultural economics agricultural education agricultural expansion agricultural export agricultural extension agricultural extension services agricultural fields agricultural genetics agricultural improvement agricultural innovation agricultural innovation platform Agricultural innovation systems agricultural innovation systems (AIS) agricultural intensification Agricultural investment agricultural knowledge Agricultural management agricultural market agricultural marketing initiative Agricultural markets agricultural mechanization agricultural pests and plant-virus disease vectors agricultural planning agricultural practices agricultural prices agricultural production agricultural productivity agricultural reform agricultural research Agricultural research for development Agricultural research for development (AR4D) agricultural residues Agricultural risk agricultural science agricultural services Agricultural system agricultural systems agricultural technology agricultural technology adoption agricultural trade agricultural value chains agricultural water agricultural weather risk agriculture agriculture and health agriculture poor agriculture research for development agriculture value chain Agriculture-nutrition research agro-ecological agro-ecological intensification agro-ecological zone agro-ecology agro-ecosystem agro-ecosystem services agro-ecosystems Agro-food industry agro-industrial strengthening agro-industry agro-pastoralism agro-pastoralsim agrobiodiversity agrochemical agrochemicals Agroecology agroforest Agroforestry agroforestry systems agromorphological trait agronomic biofortification agronomic iodine biofortification agronomy agropastoralism agropastoralists agroprocessing Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis segetum agrovet agro‐ecological intensification aid aid agencies aid effectiveness aid shipments AIDS air entrainment air flow Air flow distribution air injector air particle velocity air permeability air pollution Air pollution · Stochastic differential equation · Change point · Respiratory infection · Intervention measures airtight storage AISP alata Albania alder Alectra Aleyrodes lonicerae Aleyrodes proletella Aleyrodidae alkaloid alkaloid content Herbivory alkaloids alla allelopathy allergen Allium cepa Allochronic speciation allomones almost periodic solution Alnus orientalis Alphabaculovirus alpine flowers Alternaria alternata Alternaria gaisen Alternaria mali Alternaria section Alternaria Alternariaarborescensspeciescomplex Alternariafruitspot Alternarialeafblotch Alternate wetting and drying Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) Alternative treatment strategy amala aman rice Amazonia AMF aminoethoxyvinylglycine ethylene amitermes AMOVA aMPV amr An. arabiensis An. gambiae s.s. Anabasine analysis analytic network process analytical hierarchy process analytical methods anchote and analysis and processing of musical sounds Andes Andhra Pradesh anemia anemohoria anemohydrochoria angiosperms animal animal African trypanosomiasis animal feed animal forage Animal health animal husbandry animal migration animal nutrition animal orientation strategies animal source foods animal source foods (ASFs) animal tracking animal welfare animal-source food animal-source foods animal-sourced foods animal‐source food Annobón Annual crop Annual transmission potential Annualized cost methodology Anobiidae anomeric and gauche effects Anopheles Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles balabacensis Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles donaldi Anopheles gambiae Anopheles gambiae complex Anopheles gambiae oviposition Anopheles gambiae s.s Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato Anopheles mosquito Anopheles mosquitoes Anopheles quadriannulatus Anoplophora glabripennis ant antagonism antennal response anthesis anthocyanins Anthodiaeta Anthonomus rubi Anthracnose anthropocentrisme anthropogenic climate change Anthropogenic heat release anthropology anthropometry Anthropometry – Nutrition assessment – Public health – Program evaluation – Monitoring – Surveillance – Surveys – Timely warning – Malnutrition – Low-income anthropophilic anti-dumping anti-juvenile hormones Anti-nutritional factors anti-tick plants antibacterial antibiotic antibiotic genes antibiotic resistance antibiotics antibody responses antifungal antileishmanial activity Antimicrobial resistance antimicrobial resistance genes antimicrobial treatment antioxidant antioxidant activity Antioxidants antitrypanosomal Apac APCAPS aphid aphid behavior aphid sitobion-avenae aphid-transmitted potyvirus aphidius colemani aphids aphids flight behaviour Aphis fabae APHLIS Apis apis mellifera APOC Apoidea Apolygus lucorum apoptosis Apple apple (Malus domestica) apple black spot apple canker Apple crops apple leaf curling midge apple scab application applications applied economic modeling appropriate technologies apricot AQUACEL® Ag Hydrofiber® dressing aquaculture aquatic animals aquatic food systems initiative aquatic foods aquatic insects Aquatic resources Aqueous extracts aqueous fruit extracts aqueous plant extracts aquis communitaire Arab States Arabia Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana Arachis hypogaea Araneae arbovirus arboviruses arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Ariet ARISA armed conflict Armenia armyworm armyworm moth aroma aromatic compounds aromatic interaction aromatic rice arrestant arrestment Arrhenius equation Arsenophonus Arsenophonus and 16s rDNA art-science Artemisia Artemisia annua Artemisinin artemisinin extraction arthropod arthropods artichoke articulation artificial diet artificial neural networks artificial soil artificial sweet potato artisanal rice parboiling Arvicanthis Arvicanthis niloticus Arylbenzofuran ascorbic acid ascospore production ash Ashanti region Asia Asia 1 mtCOI Asian Asian Development Bank asparagus asparagus aroma Aspergillus flavus Assess assessment assessment method assessment methods assessment mothodology assessment technique asset dynamics assimilation associative learning Asuncion Atmospheric circulation atmospheric dispersal atmospheric dispersion models atmospheric transport attachment attractant attractant baits Attractants attracticide attraction attractor AUC Auchenorrhyncha audio analysis audio signal processing auditory processing augmentation Australasian Plant Pathology Australia authentication autocovariate logistic Autographa gamma automation autoSNP auxin Average treatment effect aversion AVHRR avian malaria parasites avian predation avicide avirulence avocado avoided deforestation axillary shoot multiplication Azadirachta B value B. trehalosi b12 nutrients b6 vitamin BAC bacilliform virus Bacillus thuringiensis backbone backward bifurcation Backward bifurcation bacteria bacterial canker bacterial contamination bacterial diversity Bacterial endosymbionts bacterial genomics bacterial leaf blight bacterial symbiosis bacterial wilt baculovirus baculoviruses Baculoviruses production Badna-PCR badnavirus bag container bag handling bagstacks bait technique baited traps baits baker's yeast balantine nut BALB/c mice Balkans bambara bambara groundnut bamboo flowering bamboo masting banana banana beer banana bunchy top disease banana bunchy top virus banana product banana-streak-virus bananas Bandicota Bandicota bengalensis bands Bangaladesh Bangalore Bangladesh Bangladesh illiteracy banks Barbados bare fallow Barind Tract barley barriers basal rot base stacking baselines bats Bay of Bangal Bay of Bengal Bayesian approach Bayesian hierarchical modelling Bayesian network Bayesian network models Bayoud disease BBTV Bead array bean common mosaic potyvirus bean virus beans Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism bee decline bee health bee microbiome bee parasites Bee pathogens bee vision beef bees Beet armywom Beet armyworm beetle beetroot peel Beffa form of S. soubrense begomorovirus begomovirus begomoviruses behavior behavioral ecology behavioral response behavioral responses behaviour Behaviour change behaviour change communication behavioural bioassay behavioural bursts Beijiang River beliefs Belize Belize Valley Bemisia afer Bemisia after Bemisia tabaci Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci) Bemisia tabaci whitefly species bench terraces beneficial insect predators beneficiary benefit ratio benefit ratios benefit sharing benefits benefit–cost ratio Benin benomyl resistance benzofurans Benzyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Bere best management practices best practice beta-glucan Betabaculovirus Betaflexiviridae better cotton Better Cotton Initiative Better management practices Betul Betula pendula beverage crop Beverton-Holt equations Beverton–Holt model bi-directional development Bi-threshold value bibliography Bibliometrics biconical trap Biennial bearing Bifenthrin bifurcation bifurcations big five big vein disease binary logistic regression bioaccessibility bioacoustics bioacoustique bioassay biochar Biochar production biochemistry BIOCLIM biocontrol biodegradation biodiversity biodiversity conservation biodiversity hotspots biodiversity loss biodiversity valuation bioeconomic modelling bioenergetics bioenergy biofilm Bioflows biofortification biofortified cassava Biofortified crops biofortified foods biofuels biofuels/bioenergy biogeochemical nitrogen cycle biogeography bioherbicide bioherbicides bioinformatics Bioko biological conservation Biological control biological control agents biological cycling biological markers biological microscopy biological pesticides biological science biological traits biomass biomass combustion biomass energy technology Biomass production Weed control Grain yield Nutrient uptake Soil organic carbon DayCent model Biomass residues biomechanics biometric biopesticide biopesticides biopores Biorational pest management biosafety biosafety level Biosecurity biosphere biosphere reserves biosynthesis biotechnology biotic factors Biotransformation biotype biotypes bird migration bird pest bird pest control bird predation birds birth-pulse Bisabolene bishop Bistability biting flies Biting midges biting rate Biting rates bitter cassava technology transfer Bitter pit bivariate correlation coefficient black bean aphid black dye Black Kite black Sigatoka black tiger shrimp blackcurrant blackflies blindness Blindness prevalence blood glucose level blood parasites blood-feeding behaviour blowfly blue carbon Blueberry bluetongue bluetongue virus BNG map boardmaking bobgunnia bobgunnia madagascariensis body mass index body weight Bogong moth boiled potato Bolangir District Bolivia Bombus Bombus impatiens Bombus terrestris bonn challenge Bootstrapping Border controls Borders Bornean orangutan Borneo boron borrelia burdorferii sensu lato Bosnia-Herzegovina bostrichidae botanical acaricides botanical extracts Botanical insecticide botanical insecticides Botanical pesticide botanical pesticides Botanical products botanical protectants botanicals botany Botrytis gray mold Botswana Boundary function Bounded learning-by-doing box container Brachypodium Brachypodium distachyon brand branding brasicca Brasov Brassica brassica crops Brassica horticulture Brassica oleracea Brassicas Brazil brazil nut bread breaks breast-feeding breastfeeding Breastfeeding – Infant and young child feeding – Humanitarian emergency – Nutrition – Research priorities breeding breeding pattern Brevicoryne brassicae brewers waste brewing Brexit bridge press bridging agents Brindley’s gland briquette Britain British Ornithologists' Union British Ornithologists’ Union Broad-spectrum herbicides broadband Internet broadleaved Broccoli broken grains (brokens) Brong-Ahafo Brood diseases broomrape brown locust Brown planthopper brown rust brown streak virus browning index bruchid bruchid beetles bruchids Bryocoropsis laticollis BSMV BT Bt cotton Bt-Cotton Bt-crops Bt-proteins Bti Buchnera aphidicola Buchnera hispida bud break Bud weevils budgets bulblets Bulgaria bulk container bulk grain storage bulk handling bulk maize bumblebee bumblebees bumper crop bundled credit bundled insurance bunkers Burkina Faso burrowing weevil Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Busco bushes business business and human rights business case business development business human rights and the environment business management business model business models business policy business sustainability butterflies physiology Butyrylcholinesterase Buxa by-catch Byakabanda Bycatch bylaws Byturus tomentosus C hain reaction C. brunneus C. brunneus Fabricius C.A.F.E. Practices C3 C4 C4 photosynthesis Ca Ca.P. prunorum Ca.P. pyri CAAPD Cabbage Cabbage Whitefly cabbage whitefly cabinet cable TV Cacao caffeic acid ester caffeine calactin calcium chloride calcium ions calibration California Callosobruchus Callosobruchus maculatus Callosobruchus rhodesianus calorie-labelling calotropin calprotectin Cambium Cambodia Cameroon cameroon volcanic line Campesino campnosperma brevipetiolata campylobacter Canada Canard cycle cancer cancer model Candidatus Phytoplasma mali Canis lupus familiaris canna canned fish canned fruit Canopeo CAP capability approach capacity capacity building capacity building and stakeholder organisation capacity development capacity strengthening Cape Flats Cape Town capital flows capsid capsid strategy and helper strategy capture-based bulk-segregant analysis capture–mark–recapture caramel Carbohydrate: Protein ratio carbohydrates carbon Carbon budgets carbon cholinedna carbon cycling carbon dioxide carbon flow carbon footprinting carbon leakage carbon mineralisation carbon monoxide carbon offset carbon payments carbon price carbon pricing carbon sequestration carbon stocks carbon stocks modelling carbon storage cardinal temperatures cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular risk factors care practices CAREC Caribbean carlavirus carnivores carotenoid Carotenoid bioavailability carotenoid degradation carotenoid losses carotenoids carrot CART case study cashew cashew kernal cashew nut Cassava Cassava Processing Africa Agriculture Cassava breeding cassava brown streak disease cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) Cassava brown streak virus cassava brown streak virus disease cassava brown streak viruses cassava chips Cassava diseases cassava exchange cassava flour cassava innovations Cassava leaves cassava mosaic cassava mosaic disease cassava mosaic geminiviruses cassava mosaic virus cassava mosaic virus disease cassava mosaic viruses cassava mosaic-virus cassava multiplication cassava pellets cassava press cassava processing cassava products Cassava starch cassava storage Cassava storage root Cassava storage root · Carotenoids · Genome wide association studies (GWAS) · Specifc locus amplifed fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) · Genes and loci Cassava whiteflies Cassava-fish crackers Cassava: Ethiopia cassave mosaic disease Cassia sophera cassva press caste castes casting castor oil castor seed catch crop Catch crops categorisation catering catfish cation-exchange chromatography cattle cattle ticks cauliflower-mosaic-virus causal chain analysis causal loop cause of death Cayo CBL CBO CBSD CBSD and CMD CBSD resistance CBSV CBSVs CCA CCP CDC CDM Cecidomyiidae cell culture cell cycle Cell division Cell expansion cell size cell suspension culture cell wall cell wall 25 proteins cellular automata cellulase activity cement slab manufacture cement slabs cement-lined pit Central America Central and Eastern Europe Central Asia central britain Central Europe centralized quarantine Centromere Cerambycidae Ceratopogonidae Cercospora cereal cereal aphids cereal crop Cereal crops cereal grains cereal losses cereal storage cereals cerebral blood flow velocity certification certified seed CGE modelling Chad Challenges change institutionalization change management change-related beliefs chant Chaos characteristic characteristics charcoal cooler cheap talk checklist chemical and non-chemical management chemical and structural analyses chemical control chemical defence Chemical defense chemical ecology chemical fertility Chemical weed control Chemical-sensory analysis chemotaxis chemotaxonomy Chemotherapeutic dose response Chemotype chemotype 3 chemovar chicken chickens Chickpea Chikungunya child child death child education child feeding child health child stunting Childcare childcare time children chillies chilling Chilling injury Chilo polychrysa China China/epidemiology chinyanya chiral sex pheromone Chirality chitin inhibitors Chitinase Chittagong Chittagong Hill Tracts Chlamydomonas-Reinhardtii chlorantraniliprole chlorine chlorogenic acid chlorophyll chlorophyll fluorescence chlorophyll fuorescence chlorophylls Choice Experiment choice experiments choices cholesterol cholinesterases chromosomes Chromsosomes chronic contamination chrysanthemum gall midge Chrysoperla carnea cicadulina cicer arietinum cicerfuran CIMBAA CIMMYT circadian activity Circadian rhythms circular economy Circular ideal-point regression cirrus CIS cissus quadrangularis CITA cities citizen science citrinin citronella citrus Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) city trees Civil society CJ Atkinson clamps class-average classification classification and regression tree Clavigralla tomentosicollis clay-lined pit clean development mechanism clean fuel climate climate adaptation climate adaptation planning Climate adaptation policy climate analogue tools climate change Climate change adaptation climate change and postharvest agriculture climate change and variability climate change effects Climate change impact climate change impacts climate change mitigation climate change policies climate control climate economics climate exposure climate feedback climate finance climate forecast climate impacts climate litigation climate planning climate policy climate policy and technological change Climate Risk climate security climate sensitivity climate shock climate smart agriculture climate variability climate vulnerability Climate-change ecology climate-conflict climate-economy models climate-smart climate-smart agriculture climatic effect climatic hazard Climatic zone Clitostethus arcuatus closed‑tube reverse transcription loop‑mediated isothermal amplification (CT-RT-LAMP) Closteroviridae Closterovirus cloud condensation nuclei Cluster analysis Cluster-randomized controlled trial CMBs duplex and multiplex RT-PC CMD Cnaphalocrocis medinalis co-infection co-operatives CO2 CO2 assimilation CO2 emission CO2 reduction CO2 reductions coastal coastal communities coastal community coastal ecosystems coastal fishing coat protein gene sequences coat proteins coccidiosis Coccinia abyssinia Cochin Cochliomyia hominivorax cocoa cocoa beans Cocoa midges cocoa mirids cocoa pod husk Cocoa pod husk (CPH) cocoa sector cocoa swollen shoot disease coconut coconut oil coconut pest coconuts cocoyam Cocoyam farmers code of practice codes of conduct coexistence Cofea arabica Coffea arabica Coffea stenophylla coffee coffee agroforestry coffee hybrids Coffee morphology coffee nectar triats coffee quality coffee varieties coffee white stem borer Coffee yield COI COI1 cointegration coir fibre cold cold climates cold reactive cold storage Cold stress Coleoptera coleoptera apionidae Collective action collective action dilemma collective marketing Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes Colloid transport Colloidal gold colloidal transport Colombia Colombian food manufacturing industry colonisation color space colour colour constancy colour evaluation colour hexagon colour models colour vision colourants column liquid chromatography combinations combine harvesting combined therapy combustion combustion system Comic Relief commensal rodent commensal rodents commercial commercial production commercial shipments commercialisation commercialization commodities Commoditisation commodity chain commodity market commodity production common agricultural policy common bean common mosaic virus Commonwealth of Independant States communal lands communication communication networks communications communism community community based organisation community conservation community development community ecology community engagement community forest management Community forestry Community of Evaluators in South Asia community of practice community surveillance community survey community-based forest management community-based organisation Community-based programs Compagnie Malienne pour le Developpement des Fibres Textiles (CMDT) comparative genomics Compass orientation compass sense compensation Compensation theory Competition competitive advantage competitive system competitiveness Complementarity effect complementary feeding complementary food Complete genome complex dynamics complexes complexity Composite indexes Composite indicators composite plantain-wheat flour Composite flour compost composting and NaOH compound feed production compound index comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography compression ignition engines computable general equilibrium computable general equilibrium models computational modelling computational study Computer modeling computer music Computer software – Linear programming – Food – Cost of the diet – Affordability conditionality confectionary conflict Conflict and reconstruction conflict killing conflict spillover conformation congruence conical cells conidia coniesta ignefusalis conjoint analysis connectivity Conopomorpha cramerella consensus-building tools Conservation conservation agriculture Conservation Agriculture (CA) conservation biocontrol conservation biological control conservation biology conservation finance conservation policy conservation priorities conserving grain constitutional constitutive and plastic expression constrained ordination constraint constraints constructed wetlands consultation consumer consumer acceptability consumer acceptance consumer choices consumer demand consumer preference Consumer preferences consumer survey Consumer test consumer-based brand equity consumers consumption consumption credit consumption pattern contact and fumigant toxicity Contact angle Contained cultivation Container production containment contaminated environment contamination contingency planning continued use Contraceptive bait contract farming control control measures control method control of pests Control reproduction number control strategies controlled release contrôle contrôle de l'articulation contrôle gestuel contrôle rythmique Convection dryer Convective dryers Convective drying conventional insecticides convergence convergence cross mapping Conversation cooking Cooking banana cookstoves cool chains cooperative breeding cooperatives Coping behavior copper Copping copra copra cake copra meal Cordycepin Cordyceps militaris coreidae corn corn-rootworm coleoptera coroglaucigenin Coronavirus corporate accountability corporate responsibility corporate social responcibility corporate social responsibility correction for wind drift Corruption cosmetic oils cosmetics cost cost effectiveness cost implication cost model cost of diet Cost savings cost-benefit analysis cost-effective protocols cost-effectiveness costs costs of conflict Cote d'Ivoire Cotinus Cotton cotton bollworm cotton cultivars cotton plant cottonseed coumaric countdown counterfactual analysis courtship behavior cover and plinth Cover crop cover crop biomass Cover crops covert infections COVID 19 COVID-19 COVID-19 outbreak cow dung cowpea cowpea seed cowpea weevil CP phylogeny Crackers craft credit credit access credit rationing credit uptake crevice traps crinivirus crinkler Crioceris asparagi CRISPR/Cas9 Crithidia Crithidia bombi critical appraisal Critical glucose threshold critical systems of learning competence critical theory critical zone observatory Croatia crocodiles Crohn's disease crop crop allocation crop biotechnology crop breeding crop commercialisation crop damage crop damage assessment Crop diversification crop evapotranspiration crop evolution crop failure crop genetic resources crop husbandry crop improvement crop loss crop management crop modeling crop modelling crop models crop pest crop pests Crop processing crop production Crop protection crop protection practices Crop Protection Programme Crop resilience crop rotation crop storage crop storage systems crop suitability modeling crop varieties crop virus crop wild relatives crop wild relatives (CWRs) crop yield crop yields crop-loss assessment cropping practices cropping system Cropping systems crops crop–livestock interactions cross cross-borrowing Cross-contamination cross-infestation cross-section Cross-validation croton (Codiaeum variegatum L croton leaf curl virus (CrLCuV) crowdsourcing crown rot crude vegetable oil crustaceans Cry toxins Cry1B/Cry1C cryptic species cryptotermes CSR CTG clade yeast CTV cucumber cucurbits Culex Culex Modestus Culex mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus Culicidae Culicoides cultivar cultivar decline cultivar variation cultivars cultivated tomato cultivation cultural context cultural control culture culture-based fisheries cultured fish culturing Cumulative effect cumulative number of deaths curative weed management cured fish curing currant curve fitting custodians customary law cut-edge cut-flowers cutworm cyanogen cyanogenic glucosides cyanogenic glycosides cyanogens cyanophos cyber risk assessment cybersecurity cybersecurity awareness training Cyclin D3 cyclohexane epoxides cyclone cyclone separators cyclonic suspension burner Cylas cylas brunneus Cylas puncticollis Cylas puncticollis Boheman cynanchum Cynara scolymus Cypermethrin Cyperus difformis Cyprus cytochrome b Cytochrome oxidase cytochrome oxidase I gene Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cytochromoe oxidase I gene cytogenetics cytokinins cytoplasmic incompatibility cytotoxic activity Czech Czech Republic daffodil dairy dairy farmer dairy farming dairy farms dairy meat dairy sector Dakar damage damage threshold damnosum Dao daphnia Dar es Salaam dark dark respiration Dasineura gleditchiae Dasineura mali data analysis data collection Data Envelopment Analysis database date date palm date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) datesmicrobial spoilagepost DayCent Biogeochemical modeling DDT death death-watch beetle deathwatch beetle deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Anobiidae selection behavior photo-response behavior Deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Coleoptera Anobiidae Quercus sp. host selection behaviour chemo-orientation behaviour oviposition timber pest wood-decaying fungi Donkioporia expansa Death’s-Head hawkmoth decarbonisation decentralisation decentralisation India decentralised decentralised governance decentralised market information service decentralization decision analysis decision making decision support decision tree Decision-makers decision-making decision-making processes Decision-support decision-support tools decisionmaking decisions decline declining biodiversity decomposition Decomposition of productivity growth deconstruction decortication deep fat frying defects defence defence mechanisms defence response Defense deficiency deforestation degradation Degraded land and soils deguelin dehydrated food Dehydration delay delayed response to pesticide application Delia platura delivery protein delta deltamethrin DEM demand demining Democratic Republic of Congo Demonax balyi denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) Dengue Dengue disease Dengue fever denitrifier enzyme activity Denmark densitometry density density dependence density distribution model density distribution modeling dephosphorylation Der es Salaam dermanyssus gallinae descriptors desert desert locust Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) desertification desiccated coconut design Design guidelines detection detection of endangered species Detector deterioration determinant determining factors deterrence threshold deterrent detoxification Detoxification Enzyme detoxification pathways Detroit developed countries developing countries development development chambers development cooperation projects development economics development futures development narratives Development policy development programming development prospects development rates development studies Devil's Claw devolution dewatering Dhaka dhal DHS Diabetes diagnosis diagnostic diagnostic assay diagnostic medicine Diagnostic studies Diagnostic Test Diagnostics diamond Diamondback moth diarrheagenic virulence genes diatomaceous earth diatomaceous earths Dicymbe altsoni Diels–Alder adduct diesel diesel blends diet Diet breadth diet diversity dietary analysis Dietary assessment Dietary diversity dietary knowledge diets difference tones Differential enthalpy Differential entropy Differential transmission differentially expressed genes diffusion coefficient digital agriculture digital education Digital musical instrument digital musical instruments dihydroflavonol Dioscorea Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata complex Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea sp. Dioscorea spp. Dioscorea yam Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) diploid Diptera direct measurement direct pest direct sale direct-seeded rice direct-seeding Directive 2000/29/EC disaster disaster response discolouration discourse analysis discovery discrete choice dynamic optimization discrete choice experiments discrete choice models Discrete Element Method Discrete Elment Method discrete Euler-Lagrange equation Discrete model Discrete switching system disease disease complex disease control Disease free periodic solution disease management disease prevention Disease resistance Disease spread disease vectors disease-spread diseases dishonesty disinfestation Dispensers dispersal Dispersal distance Dispersion displacement disruption dissemination dissemination pathways dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic matter distance learning Distantiella theobroma distilled alcohol distortion products distribution distribution map distributive climate justice disturbance divergence diversification Diversified shrimp-rice agroecosystems diversity diversity effects Djodji form DNA DNA bar-coding DNA barcoding DNA extraction DNA methylation DNA probes DNA satellite molecules dna substitution DNA transposons dna viruses dnesity DOC quality dogs Doha Development Agenda Doli dolichos yellow mosaic disease domestic fridges domestic funding domestication Dominican Republic donor donor support Dormancy dormancy induction dormancy release dose-response curves Dothideomycete Dothideomycetes double burden of malnutrition double exposure Double hurdle model double-bounded contingent valuation dough rheology Dover downward mobility Doxycycline DPSIR framework draught animals DRC dried cassava dried fish dried fruit dried meat dried sweet potato drift drift compensation drivers drivers choice drivers of choice drivers of deforestation drivers of farmer behaviour Drivers of food choice drop-catching Drosophila Drosophila-santomea drought drought acclimation Drought characteristics drought management drought tolerance drudgery reduction drug discovery Drug response drum drying dry matter dryer design drying Dryland cereals drylands dumping Dunaliella salina dung fauna durability durable duranta leaf duration Durban Durum wheat dwarfing dye dyebath exhaustion dyeing Dynamic complexity dynamic controlled atmosphere dynamic delayed Ricker difference model (DRDM) dynamic model dynamic occupancy model dynamic occupancy models dynamic optimization dynamic panel regression dynamic range boxes dynamic threats dynamic threshold dynamics dépérissement des cultivars D’Arcy Thompson E e coli E)-9 e-learning E. camaldulensis E. citriodora E. cloeziana E. grandis E. maculata E. maidenii E. saligna E. tereticornis E3MG EACMZV EAG early adopter early warning early warning system early warning systems Early-morning flowering earth observation earthworms East Africa East African cassava mosaic virus East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus east and southern Africa East Anglia UK eastern Africa Eastern Europe eastern Mediterranean Eastern Nepal eastern province ebola EBRM EC50 Echinochloa colona echinochloa crusgalli eco-education ecofriendly ecohealth ecological and conventional farming Ecological Communities ecological economics Ecological epidemiology ecological history ecological impacts Ecological modelling ecological monitoring ecological niche ecological niche modelling Ecological paradox ecological resources ecological services ecologically based rodent management Ecologically-based management ecologically-based rodent management ecology econometric analysis econometric research econometric valuation economic economic analysis Economic and Environmental impacts economic costs economic development economic drivers economic evaluation Economic feasibility economic growth economic impact economic issue economic issues economic loss economic losses economic model economic modelling economic partnership agreements economic postharvest losses economic potential economic recovery economic theory economic threshold Economic Upgrading economic valuation Economic viability economics economics and finance economy ecosystem ecosystem services ecosystem based adaptation ecosystem goods and services Ecosystem processes ecosystem service ecosystem services ecosystem services modelling Ecosystems ecotoxicology Ecuador edge-following edible coatings edible fish edible insects edible nuts edible root and tubers Editorial EDTA-free education educational attainment edutainment effect Effective reproduction number Effective reproductive number Effectiveness effector effector genes effectors efficacy efficiency efficiency index efficiency wages effluent reduction egg development egg hatching Egg laying egg parasitoids eHealth eimeria elasticity elder elderberry elderflower eLearning electric crises electric nets Electro-acoustic and electronic instruments electroantennogram electroantennography Electrocuting traps electromagnetic modelling electron microscopy electronic music electronic sweet potato Electrophysiology electrostatic force electrostatics elicitation mechanisms elimination ELISA Elubo embarkation behaviours EMERALD Emergency emergency storage Emergent Infectious disease emerging disease epidemics emerging diseases emerging economies emigration emission emission reduction potential Emissions emloyment empiricism employability employee referrals employment employment interventions empowerment enantiomers enantioselective gas chromatographym enantioselectivity endemic Endogeneity corrected stochastic frontier Endogeneity of input choice endogenous endogenous badnaviral elements Endogenous Dioscorea bacilliform virus endogenous enzymes endogenous pararetroviral sequences (EPRVs) Endogenous pararetrovirus Endogenous pararetrovirus (EPRV) Endogenous pararetroviruses endogenous rhythm endogenous switching regression endophagic endophilic endosulfan endosymbionts Endosymbiotic bacteria energy Energy access Energy and time allocations Energy efficiency energy expenditure energy intensity energy models energy policy energy production Energy resilience Energy saving energy security energy vulnerability energy-environment-economy modelling England enotyping Enron Ensete ventricosum ENSO enterprise entomological radar entomological radars entomologie entomology entomopathogenic bacteria entomopathogenic fung entomopathogenic fungi entomopathogenic fungus Entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic virus entomopathogens Entrepreneurship environment Environment (built and natural) Environment (built and natural) – Food security environment health environmental Environmental factors environmental change environmental conditions environmental decision making environmental DNA environmental economics environmental factors Environmental filtering environmental impact Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental monitoring environmental perturbation environmental policy environmental protection environmental reservoir environmental risk assessment environmental services environmental sustainability environmental targets Environmental variables environmentally friendly pest control enzymatic browning enzymatic resolution enzymes EPF Ephestia elutella Epicatechin epidemic epidemiology epidermis epigenetic epigenetics epiphenomenon Episomal badnavirus Episyrphus balteatus Equatorial Guinea Equine equipment list equity equity factors Eradication Eradication and persistence ergotamine erosion ERW Erythrina poepiggiana ESBL escherichia coli Espiritu Santo ESRM essential oil essential oils establishment Estate taxation esterase estimating climate data ethanol ethers ethical ethical consumerism ethical sourcing ethical trade ethics Ethiopia ethnic minorities ethnic violence ethno-ecology ethno-veterinary medicines ethnobotanical IPR ethnobotanical survey ethnobotanicals Ethnobotany Ethnomusicology Etho Vision ethyl (R)-4-methyloctanoate ethylene ethylene control technologies etymological values EU EU Eastern Enlargement EU integration EU review eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis eucalyptus deglupta Eucalyptus gomphocephala Eucalyptus grandis eucalyptus leaf eucalyptus oil Eucalyptus saligna euonymus fortunei Eupeodes corolla Eupeodes corollae Euphorbia ringspot virus euprepoptera EurepGap Europe European Commission European import European market European Union European Union enlargement Eurygaster integriceps evaluation Evaluation and Learning System Evaluation in South Asia Evaluation of CGIAR Research Programme (CRP) evaluation policies and practices evidence gaps evidence-based conservation Evidence-based policy Evolution evolution and adaptation evolution of dispersal evolutionary divergences exclusion exclusive enteral nutrition existence exophagic exophilic exophily exotic fruit Exotic species Expansion expectancy-value theory expenditure experiential learning experiential learning experimental auction experimental auctions experiments explosions explosive remnants of war export exposure expression extension extension farm advice extension services extinction Extinction and persistence extinction and permanence extinction risk extracellular enzyme activity extraction extreme extreme events extreme weather Extruded snack Extruded snack bambara groundnut cassava starch corn exudate gums eyprepocnemidinae F-statistics faba bean Fabaceae Facilitation factor analytic models factors fair trade fair-trade Fairtrade fall armyworm Fall armyworm moth fallow fallow land famine farinha da manioca farm farm exit farm granaries Farm households farm level storage farm loss Farm network survey farm storage farm survey farm typology FARM-Africa farm-level Farm-level economics farmer Farmer Business School Farmer Business Schools farmer controlled enterprise farmer coping strategies farmer enterprise Farmer Field School farmer organisation farmer organisations farmer participation farmer participatory research farmer research network farmer selection farmer survey farmer-led extension (FLE) farmer-to-farmer farmers Farmers Adaptation Strategies farmers perceptions farmers perspectives Farmers’ practices farming farming planning farming practices Farming system Farming systems farming systems research Farming Systems Research (FSR) Farming systems research (FSR)Agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) Farmland crop allocation Fastqc fat Fatty acids FCE feasibility study feather pecking fecundity feed manufacture feeder roads feeding Feeding behaviour feeding practices feeding system feeding trials female Female disadvantage and empowerment female empowerment Feminism fengxiao fenthion Fenvalerate fermentation fermented fermented fish ferric pyrophosphate Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) fertigation fertilisation fertiliser fertiliser sector fertilisers fertility Fertility control fertilization fertilizer fertilizer practices FEW security Nexus FIE-MS field activity field analysis Field level indicators field margin field margin plants field margins Field performance field scale field screening field trapping fig fight behavior fighting behavior Fiji filarial nematodes filariasis Filippov model Filippov system fin fish finance financial financial capital financial inclusion financial institutions financial market development Financial performance financial services financial services associations financial sustainability fine root biomass and turnover fine root turnover fine roots fingerprinting Fingerprinting approach Finland fire fire management fire typology fire-bombs firewood stoves Firm-level productivity growth firmness fiscal policy fiscal reform fish fish and fishery products fish distribution fish export fish feed fish fillet fish handling fish marketing fish processing fish products fish trade fish-based industry fish-food supply chain fisherfolk fisheries fisheries partnership agreements fishermen fishery fishing fishing communities fishing community fishing processing industry fishing time fitness fitness costs five families: Caulimoviridae fixed-bed dryer flagellum flash dryer Flash Profile flatbed dryer flatbed dryers flavanones Flavonoids flavonol glycosides flavonol pentaglycosides flavour flavour properties flavour retention flavouring agent Fledgling flexible silos flight flight ability flight behaviour flight capacity flight orientation flight pattern flight periodicity flight tracking flight traps flood flood damage flood risk management flooding flooding stress floodplains floral attractant Floral chemistry floral colour floral communities floral handling floral initiation floral landscape floral odors floral odour floral preference floral reflectance floral resource plant Floral rewards floral trait manipulation floral traits flour flour mixture Flow sensing Flow sorting flower chafer flower colour flower colour database flower industry flower odor flower pigment flowering dynamics Flowering time Flowerpeckers flowers flue gas composition Fluorescence microspheres fluoride flw standard fodder crop folate-biofortified rice foliar application foliar fertiliser food food access food acquisition food activism Food additives Food aid food analysis food and nutrition insecurity food and nutrition security food and nutritionsecurity food assistance food availability food behaviour food biochemistry food chain food choice food commodities food composition Food composition tables Food consumption food crisis food crop food crops food desert food environment food environments food evaluation Food for assets food governance food habits food industry food insecurity food loss food loss and waste Food losses Food matrix food microbiology food neophobia food oils food poisoning Food policy food prices food processing food production food quality food safety food safety management Food Science food security food shelter food storage food supply food supply chain Food sustainability Food system food systems food utilization food value chain food waste food-borne disease food-processing industry food-safety foodborne bacterial pathogens foodborne human pathogens Foodborne pathogens foot-and-mouth disease foraging foraging behavior foraging behaviour foraging flights forced displacement forecast forecast verification forecasting forecasting tool foreign intervention foresrty forest forest certification forest degradation forest ecosystem forest landscape restoration forest management forest plantation forest policy forest resources forest soil Forest strain forestry forestry products forests forests livelihoods formae speciales formal financial sector formal survey formants synthesis Formulation formulation laboratory Forsythia fortification fortified food fortified rice fossil fuels Foucault fractional green cover Fragaria fragaria vesca fragaria x ananassa fragility fragility exposure index fragmentation fragmented habitat framework France Francophone Fraxinus free energy free flight Free-flight free-fly free-flying mosquitoes freight containers french bean frequency matching frequency of pesticide applications frequency tuning fresh loaf qualities fresh produce fresh produce production systems fresh produce supply chain freshwater fish frozen fish frozen shrimp fruit Fruit and vegetable fruit and vegetables fruit crops fruit market Fruit postharvest processing Fruit production fruits Frying treatments fuel fufu Fumigant toxicity fumigation fumigation materials fumigation sheets fumigation warehouse fumigation warehouse construction fumigation warehouse design functional genes functional genomics Functional properties fungal barcoding fungal metabolite fungal pathogen fungal toxins fungi fungicides furnace exchanger Fusarium basal rot Fusarium graminearum Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Fusarium wilt future future forest loss future generations fuzzy logic Fv/Fm FYR Macedonia G. m. morsitans G. morsitans G. pallidipes G8 CO2 50% target Galapagos Gall Gall midges Galleria mellonella GAM gambia game ranching gamification Gammabaculovirus gari gari processing Gas chromatography gas chromatography-electroantennographic recording gas chromatography-olfactometry gas diffusion gas diffusivity gas exchange gas flare gasification Gaston Lagaffe gauche effect Gaza Strip GCSS WG2 GC–MS fingerprinting GEBP-like (GPL) proteins GEBV gemini virus coat protein geminiviridae geminivirus Geminivirus diversity geminiviruses gemstone gender gender analysis Gender economics gender equality gender mainstreaming gender work allocation Gene content variation Gene expansion gene expression Gene family gene flow Gene loss gene silencing gene structure gene x environment interaction general equilibrium generalized additive modelling genes and loci genetic differentiation Genetic diversity genetic enhancement Genetic erosion Genetic factors genetic gain genetic improvement Genetic modification Genetic modification . Genetic engineering . Plant breeding . Food security . Disease resistance . Developing countries . Biosafety genetic variability genetic variation genetically modified maze genetics genocide Genome genome data genome diversity genome plasticity genome sequences Genome sequencing genome wide association studies genome wide association studies (GWAS) genomic instability genomic variation genotype environment interaction Genotype × environment interaction Genotype × environment interactions genotypes genotyping by sequencing Genus Arachnothera geochemical cycling geoengineering Geographic distribution geographic features geographical distribution geographical information systems geographical range geographies of care geography Geometridae Georgia Geotaxis Gerbilliscus Gerbilliscus vicinus Germacrene-D Germany germination germination model germination rate germplasm gestural control gesture control GFLV GFP Ghana ghg emissions Gibberella gibberellic acid gibberellins GIS Giving up density Glanville fritillary Glanville fritillary butterfly Gleditsia triacanthos GLM global analysis global asymptotic stability global datasets Global dynamics global economy model global health Global Land Indicators Global Land Indicators Initiative global market global mitigation benefits global partnerships global south global value chain global value chains global warming GlobalGAP globalisation GLOMAP Glossina Glossina fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) Glossina fuscipes spp. Glossina morsitans Glossina morsitans centralis Glossina morsitans morsitans Glossina pallidipes Glossina palpalis Glossina palpalis gambiensis Glossina spp glottal flow model Glucose infusion glucose-insulin model Glucose-insulin system Glufosinate glutathione S-transferase Glyphosate GM cotton gm foods GM plant GMO GMP Go-Interfish goat goat keeper golden rice gomphocarpus gongo Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) good agricultural practices good practice gossypol gourds governance Governance crisis governance of evidence government governmentality gra- phic tablet grading graduation graft union grain grain distribution Grain filling grain fragmentation grain fumigation grain grinding grain harvest grain hulling grain legumes grain loss grain losses grain milling grain processing grain protectant grain protectants grain protection Grain protein concentration grain protein content grain protein content forecasting Grain quality grain storage Grain storage Synthetic pesticide efficacy Insect feeding dust and chaff Grain damage Prostephanus truncatus Grain storage losses grain store grain stores grain stroage grain threshing grain trade grain value grain yield grain-eating birds Granddaughters Grandlure I Grandlure II Granger test Granger-causality granivory granular food Granulovirus Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) Graphiurus grass grass pea grass weed Grasses grasshopper grasshoppes grassroots grater grating machine Grayanoid diterpene grayanotoxin grayanotoxins great apes green beans Green darner dragonfly green economy green growth green lacewings green revolution green trap color greenhouse greenhouse gas greenhouse gas emission greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gas intensity Greenhouse gas mitigation Greenhouse gas sink Grey Parrot gridded data GroEL chaperonin protein gross capital formation ground cover ground spraying groundnut groundnut rosette groundnut rosette disease groundnuts Groundwater group dynamics group marketing group sustainability group-based microfinance growing conditions Growth Growth dynamics Growth vigor Guangdong Province guar gum Guatemala guava GUD GUI Guignardia citricarpa Guinea Gulf of Guinea gum gum arabic gum karaya gum tragacanth gumboro disease gums gut microbiota Guyana GWAS habitat habitat association habitat conservation habitat geometry Habitat manipulation habitat suitability habitat use Habitat Utilization habitats habits HACCP Haematophagous blackflies haematophagy haemoglobin haemoparasites Haiti halogenation iodine administration & dosage halophile hammermill hammermills Hand weeding handicrafts handling haplotype haplotypes Harare harmonic radar harmonic radar tracking harvest loss harvest practices harvest yield harvesters harvesting HarvestPlus hauteur mélodique Hawaii hazards health health benefits health economics health professionals health workers health workforce healthcare workers healthy diets healthy eating healthy planting material heap hearing hearing range heat heat balance equation Heat consumption heat effect heat exchanger Heat input Heat losses Heat recovery Heat stress heat treatments heavy metals hedonic testing Hedydipna height heights Helianthus annuus Helicoverpa Helicoverpa armigera Helicoverpa gelotopoeon Helicoverpa zea Heliodinidae heliothinae heliothinae classification Heliothis hellula undalis helopeltis theivora helopeltis theobromae Hemiptera Hemiptera Heteroptera Hepadnaviridae herbal medicine Herbicidal herbicide resistance herbicides herbivore Herbivory herbs hermetic bag perforation hermetic grain storage hermetic storage Hermetic storage containers hermetic storage facilities heteracris Heterobostrychus brunneus Heteroptera Heteroptera: Miridae heterosis hexadecatrienyl acetates hexadecyl estersoctadecyl esters Hexyl butyrate HFMD hibiscus Hibiscus beverages hides hierarchical genetic structure high altitude flight High Barind Tract high CO2 high grade cassava flour high income countries High night temperature high performance thin layer chromatography High quality cassava flour High reliability system high temperature high yield high-altitude high-altitude flight High-flying insects high-quality cassava peels high-speed videometrics high-throughput high-throughput sequencing Higher Education highland aquatic resources Highland Water Project Highlands Highly pathogenic avian influenza Highly processed and take-away food high‐throughput phenotyping hillside farms Himalaya Hindustani classical Histeridae history HIV HIV/AIDS HMI Hmong Ho Chi Minh City Holdridge Life Zones holistic model Holling type II predator-prey model Holling’s disc equation home gardens home quarantine home range homo-γ-bisabolene homoptera Homoptera cicadellidae Honduras hondurensis honey honey bees honey locust gall midge honeybee hordeum vulgare horizontal transmission horizontally acquired genes hormesis hormone Horn of Africa horsegram horses horticultural products horticulture hospital beds host host specificity Host adaptation Host age preference Host choice host decoy trap host mixture host odour host odour attractant host odours host outbreak host plant host plant disease resistance host plant resistance host plant volatiles host plants adaptation host preference host races Host range host selection host selection behaviour host sex pheromones host specialization host stimuli Host-odours host-parasite ecology host-parasite interaction host-parasitoid model host-plant range host-plant resistance host-seeking host-seeking behaviour Host-seeking vectors host-specific toxin hosts host–microbe interactions host–parasitoid model host–parasitoid ratio hot air Hot-air dryer hotspots house finches household composition household diet diversity household dietary diversity household economy Household Food Insecurity household food security household income household interviews household questionnaire household survey households houses housing hoverfly HPLC HQCF HT rice HTS human development human African trypanosomiasis Human blood index human development human factors human health human nutrition human nutritional requirements human resources human rights human rights and the environment human rights due diligence human security human values human well-being humanitarian assistance humanitarian emergency humanitarian programming humans humans infant humid climate Hungary hunting Hutan Desa hybridisation hybrids Hyderabad hydration hydraulic conductivity hydrocyclone hydrogen bonding hydrology hydropower Hydrothermal carbonization hydroxycinnamic acid hydroxycinnamic acid esters Hygiene management hygroscopic durable Hymenoptera hyperparasitoids hypothetical bias Hypsipyla grandella I gene IAASTD IBV IC 50% ice crystals ice optics ict ICTV report and caulimoviridae identification identity Iganga IGR Ihala Bopae iil palm Illukgoda Illumina Illumina adapters Illumina Hiseq ILWRM Image analysis imaging Imidazolinone immune deficiency pathway immune response immune-priming immunocompetence Immunosorbent electron microscopy immunotherapy impact impact assessment impact evaluation Impact evaluation in international development Impact pathway impacts imperata cyclindrica imperata cylindrica implications import imports imports to the Russian Federation imprecise Lévy-flight improved cassava varieties improved individual ambient store impulse impulsive chemostat model impulsive difference equations impulsive differential equation impulsive harvesting impulsive single-species model in situ conservation in utero exposure In vitro in vitro culture in vitro regeneration In vivo in-situ conservation in-vitro Inaugural lecture incidence Inclusion Inclusive business Inclusive value chains income Income generating activities income generation incomeme incongruence Increased temperature effect incursion index insurance indexage des virus India India export India subcontinent Indian Jatropha Mosaic Disease Indian mustard Indian subcontinent indicator species indicators indigenous indigenous chickens indigenous communities indigenous knowledge indigenous peoples indigenous rights indigenous technology indigenous vegetables indirect transmission indirect transmission Indonesia induced resistance induced systemic response induced technological change induction industrial industrial agriculture industrial crop industrial fortification industrial plantations industrial use Industrial Wireles Inedible parts inequalities inequality inequity inert dust inert dusts infant and child nutrition infant feeding choice infant feeding decisions Infants infants and young children infants’ diet infection infection control practices infectious clone Infectious clones infectious disease infectious diseases infestation Infestation level inflammation Inflorescence stem informal financial services informal food vending informal grain movement informal institutions informal settlements informal survey information Information accessibility information asymmetries Information technology Information Theory infrastructure Inga Inga laurina inheritance initial density initiatives inland valley Inland Valleys inner Mongolia innovation innovation and technology management innovation platforms innovation system Innovation systems Innovations innovative fertilisers innovative finance for the poor Innovative methods Inoculation inoculative releases inorganic fertilizer Insect Insect hearing insect baheviour insect behavior insect behaviour insect cognition insect conservation insect control insect culture insect damage insect diseases insect flight insect foraging novelty aversion insect grain damage and weight loss insect grain damage prediction insect growth regulators insect hearing Insect immunity insect infestation insect layer insect layering insect layers insect management insect migrants insect migration insect migration flyway insect monitoring insect navigation insect neurophysiology insect orientation insect outbreak insect pest insect pest management insect pest control insect pests Insect RCS Insect resistance Insect resistance management insect sensory system insect vector insect vectors insect vision insect-borne disease insect-monitoring radar Insect-pests insect-resistant crops insecte Insecticidal Insecticidal botanicals insecticide insecticide alternatives insecticide discovery insecticide powders insecticide resistance insecticide sensitivity insecticide spray timing insecticide-treated cattle insecticide-treated targets insecticides insects Insect‐plant interactions insect–plant interactions Institute of Natural Resources institutional analysis institutional barriers institutional capacity institutional development institutional environment institutionalisation institutions instrument de musique numérique instrumental variables instruments de musique numériques insulated fish box Insulin injection insulin therapy insurance Insurance design integral equation model integrated action planning integrated agriculture-aquaculture integrated assessment Integrated assessment (Participatory)research methods integrated crop management Integrated development integrated packages integrated pest management integrated water management (IWM) integrated weed management Integration intended nationally determined contributions intensification Inter-country comparisons inter-institutional gaps inter-relationships inter-species performance interaction interactive voice response Intercalibration Interception intercropping interdisciplinarity interdisciplinary approach intergenerational Intergenerational mobility intergovernmental panel on climate Change intergrated pest management intermittent locomotion internal armed conflict internal control internal stakeholders internalisation international agriculture research in semi-arid areas international commodity prices international cooperation international development international economics international funding international trade International Trade Markets international war Interpretation intersectionality interspecific interspecific breeding Interspecific hybrid interspecific interactions interspecific rice Intersubjectivity Interval data Interval-based composite indicators intervention intervention strategy Intervention timing interventions interviews intonation Intra-household bargaining intra-household dynamics intraspecific variation Intraspecific and interspecific competition Response surface design Resource partitioning Facilitation Relative dominance Land equivalency ratio (LER) intraspecific communication intraspecific variation invasion ecology invasions Invasive Invasive Alien plants Invasive alien species invasive plant invasive species Invasiveness Inverted windrow investment investment programmes IOD iodine iodine analysis iodine chemistry iodine deficiency iodine deficiency disorders iodine supply and distribution Ion Torrent ions IPM Ipomea batata (L.) Lam Ipomea batatas ipomoea Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam Ipomoea batatas L Ipomovirus IPPC Ipsdienone Ipsenol Iraq Iringa Rural District irish potato IRM iron iron deficiency iron deficiency anemia irrigated lowland irrigated rice irrigated system rehabilitation irrigation irrigation development Irrigation scheduling Irrigation systems Irrigation technologies irrigation water ISEAL Alliance Ishtirak project Islamic states islands isoflavonoid isoflavonoids isolation by distance isomers isoptera Isothermal amplification isothermal calorimetry isothermal moisture diffusion issues Italy ITPase ITPGRFA Ivermectin Ivory Coast ixodes ricinus Jamaica Janzen-Connell effects Japan japanese encephalitis-virus jasmonate jasmonic acid (JA) jewellery jewellery manufacture jobs jobs for peace Johnston's organ Johnston’s organ jojoba jojoba oil joystick orchestra juice Jumping plant lice justice juvenile hormones Juvenile plumage behaviour Ka-band Kaempferia rotunda kairomone Kairomones Kalimantan Kalman filter kalotermitidae Kampala kantola Kanyakumari kappa karate karyotypes Kasese Katakwi Kaya identity Kaya-Porter identity Kent Kenya Kenya pastoralist livestock production Kerala key biodiversity areas Keynesian Keywords: Colombian food industry kidney or common bean kinesis kinetic kinetics Kinetics mass Kitambuza Kitoza knowledge knowledge management knowledge systems knowledge systems innovation koala koalas kokonte Kumasi Kumi kundi KwaZulu-Natal Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyzstan L-Ascorbic acid L. major L. tropica labelling laboratory experiments laboratory methods laboratory rearing laboratory services Labour labour and livelihoods labour division Lae Lagrangian stochastic models Lake Chad lake depletion Lake Malawi Lake Victoria Lambda cyhalothrin Laments Lamiinae LAMP lancet countdown land Land administration Land and Poverty land degradation land degradation neutrality Land encroachment Land evaluation for coffee production Land Governance Land Indicators land management Land Monitoring land policy land reform land resource assessment land rights land suitability Land Tenure Land Tenure Security land tenure systems land use Land use change land use management land valuation land-cover change land-use change land-use/cover changes landing landmine landmine impact scores landraces Landsat landscape landscape analysis Landscape of fear landscape planning Lango Lanhouin Lantana camara large eddy simulation large grain borer larger grain borer larva Larvae larval wound fluid larviciding Lasioderma serricorne latent class analysis Latent Class Modelling Lateral-flow-immunoassay Latin America Latvia Lavandulol law laying hens LBVD LCA LCIRAH leaching leaching of soluble solid leadership Leaf leaf aqueous extract leaf area leaf area index leaf beetle leaf curl leaf curl disease leaf curl virus leaf growth regulation Leaf hairs leaf miners leaf reflectance leaf respiration Leaf Spot Disease leaf weevil Leaf wettability leaf-cutting ant leafy green vegetables leafy greens lean Lean agriculture Lean management lean manufacturing learning learning activities learning alliances learning and innovation leather Leaves LED legislation legume legume crop legume cropping systems Legume crops legume virus Legumes leguminosae Leishmania Leishmania aethiopica leishmania infantum leishmaniasis Lemniscomys lemongrass lending length difference test Length distribution lentil lepidium sativum lepidoptera lepidoptera noctuidae Leptosphaeria maculans Leptospira serovar Leptospirosis Leptospirosis diagnosis leptotriene Leslie matrix model Lesotho less developed countries (LDCs) lettuce level of protection levonorgestrel liberalisation liberalization liberia lidar Life Cycle Assessment life expectancy life history life sciences life table study life-history traits lifecycle lifecycle assesment Lifecycle assessment light light intensity light traps light-intensity lignification ligninaseactivity Lima-bean pod borer limit cycle linalyl anthranilate linamarin linkages Liocoris tripustulatus lipid metabolism lipid oxidation lipid traffic analysis Lippia javanica liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid-chromatography Lira Lira District literature review litter decomposition litter production live mosquito live traps live-catching livelihood livelihood clusters Livelihood diversification livelihood security livelihood strategies livelihood system Livelihoods livelihoods analysis Livelihoods Climate variability Adaptation Multi-scale Food security Sub-Saharan Africa livelihoods diversification Livestock livestock export livestock feed livestock production livestock products Livestock research living standards lizards LLIN – Multivariable logistic regression – Ownership – SSA – Utilization LMICs loans lobopoma local adaptation local communities local development local economic development local governance local government local knowledge local microclimate lockdown locomotion Locomotion compensator locomotory behaviour locust locust bean gum locust control Locustana pardalina locusts loess logarithm logging logging concessions logistic regression long-distance migration long-distance nocturnal migration long-range hearing long-range migration longevity loose smut loss loss assessment loss calculation loss estimates loss estimation loss evaluation loss measurement loss prevention loss reduction losses losses network lotaustralin low and middle income countries low and middle-income countries low cost pest control Low emission development strategies low grade heat low income low income countries Low input production low stabilization low temperature storage low- and middle-income countries low- and unskilled jobs low-carbon society low-cost animal feed Low-literacy low-pressure air injector lowland lowland systems Lowlands Luapula lufenuron LULUCF Luminex lupanine lupin Lupinus mutabilis lure lure longevity lure optimisation lure-and-kill luteovirus Lyapunov function lychee Lycopersicon Lycopersicon esculentum lycopersicum esculentum Lygocoris pabulinus Lygus bugs Lygus pratensis Lygus rugulipennis lymphatic filariasis lysine Lévy flights M molecular form M&E M. fallax M. haemolytica M. natalensis macadamia nut Macaque Macedonia machine learning macro-nutrients macroeconomic factors macroeconomics Macronutrients macropore flow Macroporosity Madagascar Madhya Madhya Pradesh Madras Mafia Island Magnaporthe grisea magpie mahangu maintenance Maize Maize and sweetpotato value chain Maize grain storage maize loss maize storage maize storage methods maize streak maize streak disease Maize streak virus makopa malaise Malaria malaria and mosquito malaria and mosquitoes malaria control malaria transmission malaria vector malaria vectors malaria-plasmodium falciparum malarial mosquito Malawi Malaysia male male and female rural farmers male sex pheromone male-killing Mali malnutrition malts Maluku Malus mammalian toxicity management management implications management intervention management of diseases management programs Mandang Mandela cock mange-tout mango mangrove systems Manihot Manihot esculenta Manihot esculenta Cassava brown streak disease Cassava mosaic disease Virus indexing Virus diagnosis Manihot Esculenta Crantz mansonellosis manual manufacture manure mapping mapping indicator species maps Marche Region marginalisation Marginalized voices mariculture marigold marine marine ecosystems marine fish marine transport marker validation Markers Market Market acceptance market access market chain market demand market development market function market information service market integration market intervention market linkage development market manipulation market price market research Market Segmentation market system market trends marketing marketing chain marketing channels marketing economics marketing system markets Marsani Maruca vitrata Mass estimation Mass and energy balance Mass migrations of insects mass production biopesticides mass screening mass spectrometry mass spectroscopy mass transfer mass trapping mass-transfer mastomy Mastomys Mastomys natalensis mastomys-natalensis maternal time mathematical model Mathematical modelling mathematical models mating mating behavior mating behaviour mating compatibility mating disruption mating swarm Mating swarms mating type Matlab matric potentials mautam MAXENT maximal biomass expectation Maximum likelihood maximum residue level maximum sustainable yield mayonnaise measurement error measurement index measurement techniques meat Mechanical damages mechanical weed control mechanical weeders mechanisation medical and veterinary importance medical microbiology medication medicinal plants Megalurothrips sjostedti Meghalaya Melanogaster Melitaea cinxia melocanna bamboo masting meloid blister beetle Meloidogyne chitwoodi Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne javanica melon membrane integrity memory Coffea mental health Mental models Mentha satureioides MERGE-ETL meso-carnivore Meta data on the SDG indicators meta-analysis metabolic based insecticide resistance metabolic disesae metabolic pathways metabolism Metabolite metabolite profiling metabotyping metacommunity metal grain tanks metapopulation Metarhizium Metarhizium acridum Metaviridae meta‐analysis meteorological conditions Methane oxidation methanol Metharizium flavoviride methionine dietfolic methodological challenges methodology methods methods and techniques Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate methyl bromide methyl donors Methyl jasmonate methyl jasmonate (MeJA) Methyl salicylate Methyl-butenol methylation food ribo flavinvitamin Mexico Mg MGNREGA mHealth mice micro-CT micro-enterprise micro-entrepreneurs micro-finance micro-propagation microalgae microbe microbial biomass Microbial biopesticides microbial communities Microbial contamination Microbial control microbial ecology microbial indicators microbial insecticides microbial remediation microbiology microbiome Microcredit microenterprise Microfilarial prevalence Microfinance microfinance institutions micronutrient deficiency micronutrients Microplitis similis micropropagation microsatellite DNA microsatellites Microscopic agglutination test Microsporidia microstructure microwave middle actors Middle East middle lamella middle niger valley middle-out perspective midge blight midgut Migrant insects migrant labour migrant pests Migrant services and disservices Migrating animals migration migration flight behaviour migration rates Migration routes Migration strategies migration syndrome migratory pest migratory potential milk milk consumption milk products mill millet millet head miner millet stem borer mine-affected communities Mineral absorption mineral composition mineral content mineral fertilizer mineral nutrients mineralisation minerals Minimum air flow rate mining minirhizotron Minirhizotrons Mirid Miridae Miscanthus missing data Mites mitigation mitigation strategies mitochondria mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI)DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial genome Mitochondrial phylogenetic groups mitochondrial respiration mitogenome mitosis inhibitors mixed methods mixed models Mixed vegetable system mixta Mixture Design mLearning Mmethyl salicylate mobile mobile apps mobile health mobile pastoralists mobile phones mobility mode of virus transmission model model comparison model inter-comparison model intercomparison model law Model mixing model prediction model simulation modeling Modeling Organic farming modelling modelling study models moderate and large ascents modernisation modified atmosphere MODIS moisture change Moisture content moisture diffusion moisture ingress profile moisture removal Moldova molecular molecular evolution Molecular biology molecular diversity molecular evolution Molecular farming molecular genetics molecular genetics (Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics) molecular interaction molecular markers molecular mechanics molecular mechanism molecular mechanisms molecular modeling molecular phylogenetics molecular species diagnosis Molecular Targets and Activities molecular variability molluscs Momase monarch butterfly Monilinia Monitoring monitoring and evaluation Monochaminae Monochamus galloprovincialis Monochamus leuconotus (pascoe) monochoria vaginalis monoclonal antibody monophyly monsoon Monti di Pietà moral hazard moral philosophy morality Morobe Morocco Morphological form morphology mortality mosaic disease mosaic-virus Mosquito Mosquito augmentation Mosquito behaviour Mosquito biology mosquito control mosquito hearing mosquito oviposition mosquito populations Mosquito sampling mosquito sound mosquito trap mosquito vision mosquito visual behavior mosquito-borne pathogen mosquitoes Most Significant Change moth moths moths physiology motivation mould mould damage Mount Cameroon Mountain Pine Ridge Moustique movement movement ecology movement patterns Moxidectin Mozambique Ms MSV MtCO1 Mtwara Mucuna mulching multi-criteria analysis multi-dimensional poverty multi-dimensional valuation multi-disciplinary multi-environment trial multi-objective optimisation multi-response modelling Multi-scale model multi-stakeholder multi-stakeholder initiatives multi-trophic multidimensional poverty multidrug resistance multifractal analisys multilevel analysis multilinear regression multimammate mouse Multimammate rat multinomial probit model Multiple equilibria multiple linear regression multiple mating multiple origins Multiple pesticide applications Multiple Regressions Multiple stressors multiple threats multiplex multiplex PCR Multiresidue analysis multiscale model Multispectral imaging Multitrophic interactions multivariate analysis Mus Mus musculus Musa spp. Mushroom music Musical performance Musical register musique mustard seed mutualism mutualisms Mwanza Myanmar mycoflora mycorrhizae mycorrhizal association Mycorrhizas Mycosphaerella dearnessii mycotoxicology system mycotoxicosis Mycotoxin mycotoxins Mymensingh Myrcenone mythimna separata (walker) Myzus persicae myzus-persicae homoptera N supply N use efficiency N2-fixation N2O emissions n56 dimensional hypervolume Nadu nagana to cattle Nairobi Nam Dam Nambia Namibia nanopore nanopore sequencing nanotechnology NAO Narcissus narratives narrow row spacing Narshimpur NASA NASPOT 11 sweet potato cultivar (Tomulabula) national development policy national policy National Statistical Organisations native plants Native tobacco natural capital natural capital assessment natural disaster natural enemies natural enemy natural flood management natural pest regulation natural products natural resistance natural resource governance natural resource management natural resources Natural Resources Institute natural resources management natural resources management (NRM) natural resources research nature-based solutions nature’s contribution to people NBS NDVI nectar nectar and pollen chemistry nectar chemicals nectar chemistry Nectar larceny Nectar toxin nectarine Nectariniidae nectria need assessment needles needs needs assessment neglected disease Neglected disease in Africa Nematicidal nematodes neoclassical economics neonicotinoid Neonicotinoids NEPAD Nepal Nepalese mother NERICA NERICA rice cultivars NERICA rice varieties Neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate Nesidiocoris tenuis nested-PCR net benefit net income Netherlands Network network analysis networks neural-motor activity neuro lathyrism neutral traits new approaches to climate economics New Delhi virus new economics new food technology new ornamental plant new ornamental plants New pest new plants new revised economics New Rice for Africa (NERICA) new rodent species New York newcastle disease next generation sequencing next-generation sequencing Nexus nexus thinking Nghe An Nghi Loc NGO NGOs NGOs and finance NGS niche Nicholson-Bailey model nicotiana Nicotiana africana Nicotiana tabacum nicotine Niger Nigeria Nilaparvata lugens nilaparvata-lugens stal nimbacris Nipah virus nitrogen Nitrogen accumulation nitrogen budgets Nitrogen depleted environment nitrogen mineralisation nitrogen mineralization nitrogen retention Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrous oxide nivea NMR NMR conformation no till no tillage no-farm no-till NOAA noctuid moths Noctuidae nocturnal nocturnal boundary layer nodal cutttings nomograph non-agricultural non-agricutural non-communicable diseases non-constitutional non-crop vegetation non-farm non-farm economy non-farm employment Non-food crops non-government organisation non-governmental organisation non-grain starch staple non-grain starch staples Non-overlapping generation non-polar bonded phase extraction cartridges non-target birds and reptiles non-target Lepidoptera non-target organisms non-target species non-timber non-timber forestry products non-toxic Jatropha noncommunicable diseases nonhost resistance nonlinear control action Nonlinear control · Poincarémap · Order-1 periodic solution · Global stability · Pest control nonlinear feedback control Nonlinear impulsive nonlinear pulse nonmetric dimensional scaling (NMDS) nonsmooth predator–prey model Nontrivial periodic solution norisoprenoids normalized mutual information Norms North America North Zambia Northern Belize Northern Cape Northern Communal Areas northern Ghana Northern Ireland Norway Norway rat Norway spruce Nosema Nosema bombi novel food novel insecticides NREGA NREGS NRI Radar Entomology Unit NRM nthonomus rubi nucleic acid nucleic acids nucleobase nucleobases Nucleopolyhedrosisvirus (NPV) nucleopolyhedrovirus nucleotide nucleotide-sequence nudging Nusa Tenggara Nutrient accumulation Nutrient acquisition strategies Nutrient availability nutrient balance Nutrient concentration nutrient contents nutrient loss nutrient loss prediction nutrient recycling nutrient stocks nutrients nutrition nutrition environment nutrition outcomes nutrition security nutrition sensitive agriculture nutrition sensitive value chain nutrition surveys nutrition transition Nutrition-sensitive interventions nutrition-sensitive programmes nutritional content nutritional functioning nutritional health nutritional impact nutritional loss nutritional physiology Nutritional properties nutritional security nutritional status Nutritional value nutritious maize nuts o-diphenols o-quinones O. glaberrima O. sativa obesity obesity prevention obesogenic environment obituary Occupational disease occurrence ochratoxin ochratoxin A octenols octopoid odour odour bait odour baits odour-baited insecticide odour-mediated orientation odours OECD countries Oedaleus asiaticus oedaleus senegalensis off-flavour formation Office du Niger oil Oil content oil crops oil exporters oil extraction oil palm oil palm plantations oil spillclean-up oil uptake oil-degrading microbes oil-seed oilseed oilseeds okra Oladot old world bollworm oleoresins olfaction olfactometer Olfactometry oligomerization on-farm on-farm smallholder storage on-farm storage On-farm study on-research Onchocerca Onchocerca volvulus onchocerciasis onchocerciasis control program One Health onion onion growing onion production onion storage onions online oomycete Ootheca spp. open data kit Open source operational approach opportunities opportunity space Optical mapping Optimal bait Optimal foraging theory Optimal location Optimal oviposition theory optimal search strategy optimal searching strategy optimal threshold density Optimization optimum timing Optomotor responses oral toxicity orange fleshed sweet potato orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) orange fleshed Sweetpotato orange maize Orange sweet potato Orange Walk orange-fleshed cultivars orange-fleshed sweet potato orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) orange-fleshed sweetpotato orangutan order-k periodic solution Ordered probit model ordinal regression Organ size organic organic acids organic amendments organic C stocks organic farming organic manure Organic matter inputs organic produce organics Organisational capacity organisational sustainability Organiser: Commonwealth Association of Legislative Counsel (CALC) organizational change theory organizational characteristics organophosphate organophosphate pesticides organophosphate sprays oriental armyworm Oriental Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen 1835) orientation orientation behaviour orientation cue orientation cues origins Orissa orius strigicollis ornamental croton ornamental plant quality ornamental tree ornithology Orobanchaceae Orobanche orthochtha orthoptera oryctes Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Oryza sativa L Oryza sativa L. Oryza spp. osmotic dehydration Oum Hadjer outbreak outbreak frequency outbreak peaking times outbreak pest outbreaks outcomes outgrower scheme outgrower schemes Outreach Outscaling overexpression oversea movements overseas development overweight overyielding Ovipositing vectors Oviposition oviposition behaviour oviposition deterrent oviposition traps owls OXFAM Oxford nanopore oxidases oxygen P. aeruginosa P. multocida p21-like P4P Pabna Pacific Pacific biosciences Packaging materials pad-batch dyeing paddy painted lady butterfly Pakistan PAL1 Palestine palladium-catalysed coupling palm kernel palm oil pamacris Panchayat Raj Pandemic pandemic A/H1N1 influenza panel data regressions Panel traps pangenome Pantala flavescens Papa nativa papaya papermaking Papua New Guinea Paradox Paraguay pararetroviruses parasite parasite loads parasite plug parasitic diseases parasitic plant Parasitic plants parasitic weed parasitic weed species Parasitic weeds parasitism Parasitoid parasitoids parasitology parboiled parboiled rice parental Parity rates parous rate parthenium weed partial rank correlation coefficient partial root drying participation Participative research participatory participatory action research participatory appraisal participatory approach participatory approaches participatory bylaw reform process participatory development Participatory disease surveillance and response Participatory epidemiology participatory forest management Participatory Market Chain Approach participatory monitoring and evaluation participatory planning participatory plant breeding participatory plant-breeding participatory policy learning and action research (PLAR) participatory research participatory research methods participatory rural appraisal participatory surveys Participatory tools particle board particle size distribution particulate biomass particulate forestry particulate matter particulate tracer partnerships parval passerine passerines passion fruit pasting properties pastoral Pastoral and dairy farmers pastoral farming pastoral livelihoods pastoral societies pastoral society pastoralism pastoralists pastures patchouli pathogen Pathogenic fungi pathogenicity Pathogenicity of plant pathogens pathogens pathology pathotype patterns paw paw payment for environmental services PCA PCR PCR detection PCR-RFLP Pea pea moth peace peace building peace dividend peacebuilding peach peanut butter pear pear carpoplane pear fruit surface pearl millet peas Peat alternatives peatland pedestrian migration pediatric peel peeling machine pelagic Penicillium pepper perceived disease risk factors Perception Perception analysis Perceptions of drought perceptual distinctiveness percolation theory perennial perennial plants perforated polyethylene performance performance assessment performance differences among MED populations performative synthesis perfume perfumery pergularia Feeding deterrence Spodoptera Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae peri-urban peri-urban horticulture Perillaldehyde periodic solution perishables peritrophic membrane permanent grassland Persea americana Mill Persea americana Mill. persistence persistence and partial extinction persistent and non-persistent viruses persistently transmitted virus personal protective equipment personalised Medicine personality traits Peru pest pest biology pest control pest damage pest dynamics pest free periodic solution Pest management pest management decision making pest monitoring pest regulation pest resistance pest risk assessment pest rodent pest-free periodic solution pest-natural enemy system Pesticidal plants pesticidal plant pesticidal plants pesticide Pesticide application frequency Pesticide application period pesticide degradation pesticide industry pesticide laboratory pesticide legislation pesticide residues Pesticide switches Pesticide switching pesticide testing pesticide tolerance pesticide use pesticides pests pests and disease Peter Jones petrol pH phago-stimulation phagodeterrents pharmacies pharmacognosy Phascolarctos cinereus Phase change phase polyphenism phaseolus vulgaris phenolic compounds phenolics Phenology phenols phenotypic diversity phenotypic integration phenotypic plasticity Phenotyping phenylalanine Pheromone pheromone blend pheromone identification pheromone lure and trap pheromone plumes pheromone trap pheromone traps pheromones Philipines Philippines PHL metrics PHL reduction phloem sap phoneme articulation phonotaxis phophorus deficiency phoresy phosphate rock phosphate sorption phosphine fumigation phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphogypsum phosphorous sorption phosphorus phosphorus requirement phosphorylation photoinhibition photoperiod photosynthesis photosynthetic thermal tolerance photosystem II Phototaxis phthalates phylogenetic phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic characterization phylogenetic grouping Phylogenetic tree phylogenetics phylogenomics phylogeny Phylogeography physical activities physical activity physical assets physical losses Physical Map physical postharvest losses physiology phyto-sanitary phytoasnitary Phytochemical phytochemicals phytochemistry phytoene phytoene desaturase Phytohormones phytonutrients phytopathology Phytosanitary phytosanitary legislation phytosanitary organizations phytosanitation phytosterol phytosterol diversity Picea abies pig production pig slurry pigeon pigs pindang pine Pine sawyer Pine wilt disease Pine wilt disease • Pine wood nematode Pine wood nematode pineapple pinking Pinus brutia Pinus caribaea Pinus nigra Pinus oocarpa pinus patula Pinus pinea Pinus sylvestris pit pit storage pitch pits plague plague bacillus plagues planetary health planning plant Plant funcional traits Plant growth management plant architecture plant available water plant biodiversity plant bioprospecting plant breeding plant clinics Plant communication plant competition plant culture plant damage plant density plant disease plant disease diagnosis plant fibre plant genetic resources plant growth plant growth promoting bacteria plant health plant hormones plant insecticides plant leaf chemistry plant metabolomics plant nutrition Plant Pathogen plant pathogenic virus Plant pathology plant pest plant pre-breeding plant quarantine law plant reproduction plant secondary metabolites plant secondary metabolite plant secondary metabolites plant signaling plant species plant species richness plant strategies Plant tolerance plant topography plant type plant virus Plant virus resistance plant viruses Plant volatiles plant-based plant-herbivore interactions plant-insect interaction plant-insect interactions plant-microbe 55 interactions plant-microbe interactions plant-parasitic nematodes Plant-plant interactions plant-pollinator interactions plant-virus plantain plantain fruit maturity plantation Plantation Agriculture Planthopper risk prediction planting material plantpollinator interactions plants plant–microbe interactions plant–pathogen interactions plant–soil (below-ground) interactions plant–soil feedbacks plant–virus–vector interaction Plasmodium falciparum plasmodium induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Plasmodium knowlesi plastics ploceus weaver plough feeder plumage coloration Plutella xylostella Pneumatic dryer pneumatic dryers Poaceae pod borer pod borers pod yield Poecilotheria Poincare map Poincar´e map Poland polar auxin transport Polarization pattern POLES Polic policies policy policy appraisal policy change policy discourse Policy efficiency policy evaluation Policy framework for achieving sustainability in cotton production policy integration Policy process policy responses policy-oriented research policymaking political economy Political reservations political violence politicization politics and public policy pollen pollen chemistry pollen germination pollen nutrient pollen nutrition pollinating insect Pollination Pollination ecology pollination syndrome pollinator pollinator assemblages pollinator community Pollinator decline pollinator diversity pollinator health pollinator shifts pollinator specialization pollinator-pathogen interactions Pollinators Pollution polyethylene packaging Polygalaceae Polymerase polymerase chain reaction polyphagy polyphenism polyphenoloxidase Polyphenols polyploid polyploidy pomegranate pongo Pongo pygmaeus poor population population differentiation population dynamics Population ecology population genetic-structure population genetics population genetics (population studies) population model population resequencing pore connectivity pore network Pork Port-Au-Prince Portfolio selection Positionality positive periodic solution Brouwer’s fixed point theorem positive selection pospiviroid post harvest loss post harvest losses post maturity post-attachment resistance post-Communist societies post-conflict post-farm gate activities post-harvest Post-harvest entomology Post-harvest grain post-harvest loss post-harvest losses post-harvest management post-harvest pest management post-harvest storage Post-Keynesianism post-processing postharvest postharvest agriculture postharvest cold chain postharvest fisheries postharvest food losses (PHLs) postharvest grain losses postharvest impacts Postharvest insect pests postharvest interventions postharvest loss postharvest loss reduction postharvest loss reduction interventions postharvest losses postharvest management postharvest management policy dialogue postharvest nutrient loss postharvest pest management Postharvest physiological disorder postharvest quality postharvest storage systems postharvest technologies postharvest technology postharvest waste potassium potato potato peels potato seed potato storage Potato Tuber Moth Potatoes processing potential ammonium oxidation potential conductivity potentially mineralizable nitrogen potyvirus poultry poultry diseases poultry production constraints poultry red mite poultry vaccine Poverty poverty alleviation poverty and inequality persistence poverty reduction poverty traps powder powdery mildew power power-law distributions PPD practical design Pradesh pragmatism pre-chromatographic clean-up pre-harvest pre-harvest curing pre-harvest systems pre-treatment pre-treatments precipitation predation Predation risk predator predator – prey dynamics Predators predator–prey model prediction prediction model predictive breeding preference preferences preferential pathways preferential trade preharvest preharvest environmental effects preschool Preschool children Presence preservation presses pressing pressing machine pressure Pretoria pretreatment prevalence prevention prevention and control prevention and control strategy preventive control preventive weed management price price analysis price elasticity of demand price formation price margin prices pricing primary animal health care primary benefit primary metabolism primary parasitoids primary production primary yeast Priming Principal component analysis priority setting private investment private sector private standards private voluntary standards privatisation privatization prm pro-poor dairy development project probabilistic graphical modeling probe hybridisation probit model process commodity matrix Process improvement Process marker identification process quality management process-based process-based modeling processed fruit processing Processors produce produce gas fuelling producer organisation development producer-consumer margins Product homogeneity Product optimization product profile product quality production production constraints Production diversity production systems production technology productive finance productivity productivity and welfare impact profiling profit profitability program evaluation programme project project characteristics project evaluation Project Management System project prioritisation promastigote propagation propagation des virus Propensity Score Matching propulsion proscribed pests prospects Prostate cancer Prostephanus Prostephanus truncates Prostephanus truncatus Prostphanus truncatus protectants protected areas protection motivation theory protein protonation provitamin A provitamin A retention proximal remote sensing proximate composition prune pruning pseudo-equilibrium Pseudomonas Pseudoviridae psychophysics Ptilostemon chamaepeuce ptilostemon chamaepeuse public debt public engagement public health public health policy public policy public-based surveys public-private sector partnerships PUFA supplementation pulp pulping characteristics pulpwood chips pulse pulse perturbation Pulse spraying pulse vaccination pulsed therapy pulses pumpkin plants purchased inputs purchasing practices PVC-resin formulation PYMV Pyralidae pyrethrin Pyrethroid pyrethroid treatment pyrethrum Pyrolysis qPCR qRT-PCR QTL QTL analysis qualitative Qualitative comparative analysis qualitative cost benefit analysis qualitative methods qualitative Research quality quality assessment quality assurance quality Control quality determination quality loss quality maintenance quality management quality protein maize Quality traits quality-value relationships quantitative quantitative and spatial analysis Quantitative descriptive analysis quantitative genetics quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR Quantitative real–time PCR Quantum yield quarantine quarantine plant health Quast quelea quelea bird Quelea control methods Quelea quelea Quelea quelea L. Quercus sp. questionnaire questionnaires quick decline quinestrol rabi cropping Rabies race race structure radar radar aeroecology Radar cross-section radar entomology radiative properties radio tracking radiocarbon raga rail trucks Rain fed rice Rain-fed agriculture rain-fed lowland rain-fed lowland rice Rain-fed lowland. Oryza sativa Rain-fed rice rainbow trout Rainfall rainfall deficit Rainfall variability rainfed cropping rainfed lowland Rainfed rice Rainforest Alliance rainwater harvesting raisin Rakai ram press ramets Rana automated monitoring Random forest random perturbation randomised control trial randomized control trial randomized controlled trial ranking RAPD-PCR rapeseed rapid appraisal Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) rapid assessment rapid cassava processing Rapid diagnostics Rapid frequency modulation rapid frequency modulation behaviour rapid rural appraisal raspberry raspberry cane midge rat rate constant rats Rattus rattus argentiventer Rattus rattus rattus spp rattus tanezumi RatZooMan Project Ravallion model raw-milled paddy RCP2.6 scenarios Re-sequencing reaction norm reaction scheme Real-time real-time PCR recalcitrant carbon pool reciprocal crossing Recombinant antibody recombinant protein recombinase polymerase amplification Recombination reconstruction reconstruction of missing data recording recovery planning recruitment recurrent costs red core red light red palm oil Red-billed Quelea REDD REDD+ reduced susceptibility reducing household food waste reduction of hunger referee incentives references refined oils reflectance spectra reflexive interactive assessment reforestation reforestation species reform refractance window drying refuge regime shifts Regional cooperation Registration regulated deficit irrigation regulating ecosystem services Regulation regulation and governance regulations regulator capture rehabilitation reinforcement reintroduction relative humidity Relative yield loss release calls release rate relief remediation REMIND-R Remote Control remote sensing remote sensing imagery remote-sensing rendement Renewable energy renewable natural resources renewables repayments repellency repellent Repellents Representation reproduction reproduction number reproductive age women Reproductive development reproductive health Reproductive isolation reproductive parameters Republic research research agenda research design research impact research knowledge research policy research priorities Research-development partnerships researcher-bred variety NASPOT 1 residential combustion emissions residual effect of pesticide residual effects of pesticides residual value residue cover residue laboratory Residue management residues resilience resilsience resistance resistance genes resistance mechanisms resistance screening resource assessment resource efficiency resource inventory resource limitation resource management resource science resource use Resource use efficiency resource-poor settings resources respiration respiration rate respiratory health respiratory quotient respirometry Response surface methodology responsible business responsible innovation Resseliella theobaldi restaurants Result-Based Management retail retailers retention retrotransposable elements Retroviridae return model returns to storage Reverse-transcribing viruses Reversion review Reynolds number Rhamphicarpa Rhamphicarpa fistulosa rhizome Rhizotron Rhizotrons Rhodesian sleeping sickness Rhododendron ponticum rhopalomyia longicauda rhopalosiphum-padi homoptera Rhyzopertha Rhyzopertha dominica Rhyzopertha dominica locomotory responses Ribes nigrum rice rice blast rice brown planthopper rice cropping rice cultivation rice farming rice husk rice husk ash rice husk biochar rice husks rice marketing rice milling Rice pests rice production rice quality rice stem borer rice threshing rice tungro disease rice tungro virus rice tungro virus disease rice value Rice vampire weed Rice Vampireweed Rice varieties Rich lists ricinine Ricker equation Rickettsia Rinderpest ripcord risk risk and uncertainty Risk and volatility risk assessment risk aversion risk management risk matrix risk modeling risk of failure risk perception risk rationing risk warning risk-contingent credit rites River basins river blindness river discharges riverine tsetse flies RNA RNA interference RNA sequencing RNA silencing suppressor RNA-Seq RNAseq road construction Roaming behavior roasting time Robustness analysis Roche 454 rodent rodent pests rodent control rodent damage rodent ecology rodent management rodent outbreak rodent outbreaks rodent pest rodent pests Rodent-borne zoonosis rodent-human interactions rodenticide rodents Rolf Garms Rolling circle amplification rolling-circle amplification Romania root root and tuber crops root aphids Root biomass distribution root biome Root carbon inputs Root carbon:nitrogen ratio root damage root distribution root dry matter biomass root knot nematode root latex Root necrosis root systems root to shoot communication Root turn over root volatiles root-knot nematodes root-shoot communication root-soil contact roots roots and tubers rootstock Rosette rotenoids Rothamsted suction trap rots roundtable on sustainable palm oil (RSPO) RT-PCR RT-qPCR rubber RuBeKa Customs Union Rubisco enzyme rules rules-in-use rum ruminant products runoff Runs on medical resources rural rural appraisal rural areas rural communities rural development rural digital future rural economy rural economy and land use programme rural employment Rural entrepreneurship rural finance rural health/statistics & numerical data rural India Rural innovation rural investment rural land use rural livelihoods rural markets rural microfinance Rural poor rural poverty rural protest rural transport rural urban interdependence Rural women Challenges Opportunities ruspolia differens Russia Russian Commonwealth Russian Federation RUTF rutin Rwanda RxLR S)-2 S. damnosum s.s S. hermonthica S. sanctipauli S. sirbanum S. squamosum form C S. squamosum form E S. yahense Sabah Saccostomus sacred lakes Sadness safe movement SafePod safety sago Sahel sahelian grasshopper Sahlbergella singularis Sainfoin sales salicin salid phase extraction salmon salt sample application sampling sampling plans Sand flies sand fly Sandflies Sanitary Sanitary and phytosanitary sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards sanitary and veterinary hygiene requirements sanitary legislation Sanitation sap-feeding insect Sapindaceae sapodilla saponins Sapotaceae SARS SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant satellite Satellite data satellite missions saturated hydraulic conductivity savanna Savannah Savannah strain save grain campaign savings Savings groups savings mobilization SCADA scale scalefree scaling scaling readiness scaling-out scallop scanning electron microscopy Scapanes Scapanes australis Scarabaeidae scenario modelling Scenarios scepticism Scheduling Schistocerca gregaria school feeding programs school gardens schoolchildren schools science science technology and innovation Scirpophaga incertulas Scotland Scots pine forest screening screw feeder screwworm Scutelleridae Scutellonema bradys SDGs sea level rise sea-shipment seafood seafood market seafood trade searchlight trapping seasonal abundance seasonal cycles seasonal environments seasonal food deficits seasonal indices seasonal migration seasonal poverty traps seasonal variation seasonality seaweed Secondary growth secondary benefit Secondary compounds Secondary metabolite secondary metabolites secondary outbreak secondary plant compounds secondary yeast secreted in xylem secreted in xylem (SIX) secretory gel section sector transformations securidaca Securidaca longepedunculata security sedges sedimentary rocks seed seed bank seed enterprise seed germination seed gums seed kernels seed management seed oil seed potato seed production Seed quality seed sector seed store seed systems Seed Yam seed-saving seedling seedling yellows Seedlings seeds Segregating population selection selection criteria Selenoprotein synthesis self determination theory self-employment self-help self-help groups self-reported semi-arid semi-parametric semi-stochastic simulation Seminar roots semiochemical semiochemical trap semiochemicals Semiparametric estimation Senegal senegalese grasshopper senescence senescent sweetening Senesecent Sweetening Sensitivity analysis sensor sensory attributes sensory characteristics sensory coding sensory ecology sensory evaluation Sensory evaluation sensory profile sensory profiling Sensory properties Sensory quality Sensory Systems sensory testing sensory-neural response sentinel animals sen’s entitlement framework Sequence sequence alignment Sequence diversity sequencing Serengeti Serine recombinase serious gaming serology serotype serotype diversity services Servosphere sesame Sesamia inferens Sesquiterpenes set bagnet set-aside severe acute malnutrition SeVg expression sex attractant sex pheromone sex ratio sex recognition sexual maturation sexual recognition shabacris shade coffee Shade-trees shaded coffee shading Shannon diversity index Shaoguan City shared values shea butter shea nut Shea oil sheep shelf life shelf-life shelflife shell liquid Shelter Shipping shipping climate change trade Shipping emissions Shipping scenarios shoot dry matter biomass Short-term forecast shrimp shrimp farming shrimping sibling species sickle cell anaemia sickle cell disease Sideroxylon foetidissimum Sideroxylon foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri Sierra Leone signalling significant events silage silage diet silicon dioxide silver silver-containing wound dressings simmondsia chinensis Simple Sequence Repeat markers simplex design simulation model simulations Simuliidae Simulium Simulium damnosum Simulium damnosum (s.l.) Simulium damnosum (sensu lato) Simulium damnosum complex Simulium damnosum cytospecies Simulium damnosum s.l Simulium damnosum s.l. Simulium equinum Simulium lineatum Simulium ornatum Simulium sanctipauli Simulium spp. vectors Simulium squamosum E simulium yahense Singing singing quality assessment Singing synthesis singing voice singing voice synthesis single market single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single nucleotide polymorphisms Single sensillum recording Siphoninus phillyrae SIR SIR model SIT site selection preference site variation Sitophilus Sitophilus oryzae Sitophilus zeamais SIX2 skin weevil skinadhesion skinning damage skinning injury skins skipped-generational households slab slash-and-burn SLCMV sleeping sickness sliding bifurcation sliding homoclinic orbit sliding mode Slovakia Slovenia slugs slum emission small and medium enterprises small and medium-scale enterprise small enterprises small farm small farms small Lake Chad Small mammals small scale farmers Small Scale Fisheries Small scale producers small stock small- holder small- scale producers small-holder small-scale small-scale agriculture small-scale farmer small-scale farmers small-scale farming small-scale fisheries small-scale grower small-scale mines Small-scale poultry small-scale vegetable growers Small-spored Alternaria smallholder smallholder agriculture smallholder business organizations smallholder coffee farmers smallholder credit smallholder cultivation smallholder farmer Smallholder farmers Smallholder farming smallholder grain protection smallholder grain storage Smallholder producers smallholder storage Smallholders smallscale producers Smart biochar SME smoke smoked dried smoked fish Smoked/dried meat smoking smoking kiln smoking related disorders snack product Snapdragon Sobantu Social Social Audits social capital social change Social cohesion social concerns social cost benefit social development social engineering attacks social environments social equity social impact social impacts social inclusion social issues Social Justice social learning social learning processes social media social mobility social movements social network social network analysis social networks social norms social performance social protection Social Reproduction social responsibility social safety nets Social Science social study social ties Social Upgrading Social-ecological resilience social-ecological system social-ecological systems social-economic status sociao-economic survey socio economics socio-ecological systems socio-economic socio-economic status Socio-economics socio-ecosystems socio-ecotechnical systems socio-technical systems sociocultural socioeconomic socioeconomic factors socioecotechnical systems sodium chloride sodium metabisulfite sogatella-furcifera hemiptera SOI soil soil aeration soil aggregates soil and water conservation soil assessment soil biological properties soil carbon soil carbon sequestration soil characteristics soil classification soil conservation soil cover Soil degradation Soil disturbance intensity soil dynamics soil ecology soil erosion soil fertility soil fertility and nutrient cycling soil flooding soil health soil health innovations soil improvement soil indicator soil management soil microbiota soil microorganisms soil moisture soil nutrients soil organic carbon soil pH soil pollution Soil protection soil quality soil remediation soil respiration soil restoration soil structure soil suites soil survey Soil tomography Soil types soil water Soil water deficits soils Solanum aethiopicum solanum incanum Solanum lycopersicum solanum tuberosum solar solar heating solarisation solid biomass solid fuel solid gain solid-phase extraction Solidity solomon islands solvents Somali region sommunity-based forest management Songbirds Sorex antinorii Sorghum Sorghum bicolor sorghum grain storage Soroti sorption sorption isotherm SOS campaign souna sound Sound computing Sound pitch sound recordings sound sensitivity sound sensor sound trap source area NDVI source sinks Source water protection source-sink dynamics South Africa South America South Asia South East Asia South India Southeast Asia Southern Africa southern Britain sovereign wealth funds soya SPACSYS Spain sparrow spatial autocorrelation spatial data Spatial econometric models with missing data spatial epidemiology spatial matching spatial prioritization spatial repellents spatial simulation spatial variation spatially explicit spatially explicit model spatial‐temporal variation spatio-temporal analysis special capital speciality coffee specialization Specialized pollinators specialty coffee speciation species species coexistence species complex species composition species demarcation species distributional shift species prevalence species recognition species response curve species response curves species richness species traits species-specific cues Specific energy consumption specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) spectral analysis spectral coherence spectral reflectance speech synthesis Sphenostysis stenocarpa spice spices spikelet fertility Spikelet sterility spilled petroleum spinach split-root Spodoptera Spodoptera exempta spodoptera exigua spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera litura (F.) spoilage spontaneous movement patterns spore concentration spores sports nutrition SPOT Spotted Bollworm spotted wilt virus spray cycle spraying sprout prevention sprouting SPS SPS Agreement SPS policy SpvB protein homolog squash-blot SRI Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus SSA SSA1 SSA1-SG3 SSR markers stability stable fly stable isotopes Stable switching transient stabling stack burn stacking staffing stage structure stakeholder stakeholder analysis stakeholder Delphi stakeholder engagement stakeholder participation stakeholder perceptions stakeholder reactions stakeholder views stakeholder world views stakeholders stand productivity standardized precipitation index standards Staphylococci staple staple food starch starling starvation state state regulation state-dependent feedback control stationary distribution Statistics steam-volatile oils Steatomys stem base damage stem cuttings stem-pitting stemborers stepping out stereo micrographs Stern Sternbergia sicula sterol Sticky trap stilbenes stiriinae stochastic discrete model Stochastic dynamical model Stochastic impact assessment stochastic logistic equation Stochastic production frontier Stochastic tumour-immune model Stochastic tumour-immune system stockfeed stoichiometric air-fuel ratio stolons stomata stomatal closure Stomatal conductance stomodeal valve Stomoxys Stone fruit storage Storage conditions storage engineering storage improvement Storage insect pests storage loss storage loss assessment storage pest management storage pests storage quality storage root Storage root chemistry storage structure storage structures storage stucture storage survey store design store structures stored grain and pulses stored maize losses stored product pest stored product pest management Stored product pests Stored product protection stored products Stored-product protection stored-sorghum insect pests Storekeeper straight flight trajectories strains strategic planning strategy stratification strawberries strawberry Strawberry blossom weevil Strawberry plant Strawberry postharvest quality Stream flow street food vending street food vendors strength of ties stress stress–signalling Striga striga asiatia Striga asiatica Striga aspera Striga forbesii Striga hermonthica strigolactones strong and weak density dependent death rates Structural economic method structural equation modelling structure evaluation structured treatment interruptions strychnos spinosa study stunting Sturdiness Stylosanthes sub-Sahara sub-saharan Sub-Saharan Africa sub-Saharan Africa species Subjectivity sublethal effects subsidence subsidies subsistence subsistence agriculture subsistence farmer Subsistence farmers subsistence farming subsistence livelihoods Subsoil substitute fuelling substrates subtropical subtropics suction traps Sudan sugar sugar cane sugarcane sugars and alcohol Sulawesi Sulfate-reducing bacteria sultana summer 2007 floods summer drought sun sun coffee sun compass sun dried Sunbird Sunbirds Suncus sunflower sunflower seed Sunn Pest sunspot groups super-race superabundance supercritical carbon dioxide supply supply chain supply chain actors supply chains supply development supply-led approach support to SMEs suppression Surface free energy surface roughness surface skimming Surveillance survey survey methodology Survival Survival analysis survival rate suspension burner sustainability sustainability certification Sustainability impact assessment Sustainability Indicators sustainability standard Sustainability Standards sustainability transition sustainable sustainable agricultural intensification sustainable agriculture sustainable aquaculture sustainable biocontrol solutions sustainable business sustainable business models sustainable coffee production sustainable consumption Sustainable cotton production sustainable crop management sustainable development Sustainable Development Goals sustainable diets sustainable farming sustainable farming systems sustainable food security sustainable food systems sustainable healthy diets Sustainable intensification sustainable land management sustainable land use sustainable livelihoods sustainable livelihoods framework sustainable livestock management sustainable operations sustainable packaging Sustainable production Sustainable Trade sustainable uses of plants sustainable water use and management Sustainable – Intensification – Smallholder – Dairying suzukii swarm Swarming swarms swartzia SWAT Swaziland sweet potato flour sweet itch sweet potato Sweet potato crop Sweet potato flour sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus sweet potato leaf curl virus Sweet potato subsector sweet potato virus sweet potato weevils Sweetpotato sweetpotato breeding sweetpotato cultivar sweetpotato handling sweetpotato marketing sweetpotato seed systems sweetpotato varieties sweetpotato virus disease Sweetpotato weevil Sweetpotato weevils swidden switch-like transition Switzerland swollen shoot virus SWOT factors Sylhet syllabes syllabic synthesis Symbiont symbiosis Symbiotic N2 fixation sympatric wildlife synergism synergist plant repellents synergistic interaction synergy synthesis Synthetic and non-synthetic grain synthetic aperture radar synthetic grain protectants synthetic lures synthetic pesticide Synthetic pesticides synthèse syllabique synthèse vocale Syria syrphidae System diagnostics system dynamics system GMM System of Rice Intensification systematic review systematic scoping review systems São Tomé and Príncipe t-RNA T. gondii tabaci gennadius hemiptera Tabebuia rosea Tabora tacit knowledge tactic Tagetes erecta take off Tamil Tamil Nadu tannic acid Tanzania tapahan Tapanuli orangutan TaqMan assays TaqMan real-time qPCR Tarahumara targets tariffs Tarnished plant bug tarrifs taste enhancer Tau-fluvalinate TaWIR1 taxes taxis taxonomic changes taxonomy TBA TBT Agreement TE annotation tea teabag index teacher Teacher absenteeism techiman market Technical efficiency technical manual technical survey technique technology technology adoption technology transfer telemetry Telenomus busseolae Gahan temperature Temperature and rainfall variability temperature control temperature inversion temperature inversions temporal change tenure tenure security tenure systems Tephrosia Tephrosia candida tephrosia vogelii Teretrius nigrescens Terminalia amazonia terminalia brassi terminalia calamansanai termite termites terpenoids territorial development Terry Barker tertiary institution Teso test score testing Texture Thailand The Gambia The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Theobroma cacao Theobroma cocoa theory of planned behaviour Theraphosidae. Sri Lanka thermal acclimation thermal breadth thermal reward thermocalorimetry thermotolerance Thigmotaxis thin layer chromatography thin-layer chromatography thirps Thjileria Parva THP-1 THP-1 cells threats threshing threshold Threshold condition Threshold dynamics threshold policy Thripidae Thrips thrips (Thrips tabaci) Thysanoptera tick control ties Tigernut flour tillage tillering timber timber drying timber pest timber plantations time after harvest Time series time use time-lags TIMER Timmers Index tindori tissue culture technology Tithonia tobacco tobacco beetle tobacco moth Togo ToLCBV-[Ban4] ToLCV-[Ban4] tolerance tomato tomato leaf curl tomato leaf curl virus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tomography tools top-down approaches top-down models Tortricidae Total antioxidant activity total polyphenol tourism town Toxic nectar Toxicity toxicology toxin toxins toxogenic fungi toxoplasmosis tracking quarantine measures Trackit trade trade barriers Trade facilitation trade legislation trade liberalisation trade offs trade regulation trade structures trade-off trade-offs traders traditional ecological knowledge traditional fermentation traditional food traditional grain protectants traditional knowledge Traditional Markets traditional practices Traditional processing traditional variety training training guide training materials trait-based trajectory trans-disciplinary trans-national corporations transaction cost transboundary transcription profiling transcriptional analysis transcriptome transcriptome analysis transcriptome assembly transcriptome profiling Transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations transcritical bifurcation transdisciplinarity transfer transformation transformations transformative learning transgenes transgenic transgenic resistance transgressive traits transition transition country transition economies transition economy translocation transmission transmission 55 potentials transmission hotspots transmission model transmission persistence transmission-blocking strategies transparency transpiration stream transport transportation transposable elements transposons trap trapping Trapping bias traps trawler treatment tree crop Tree diversity tree domestication tree identification tree oil tree product tree production tree products tree resources tree species trees tremorgen trend trends Triatoma infestans tribe Swartzieae Tribolium Tribolium castaneum trichromacy Trifolium pratense triglyceride Trimmomatic trinity triple-helix innovation triterpenoid saponins Triticum Triticum aestivum Triticum species tritrophic interactions TROPAG tropic tropical tropical agriculture tropical agroforestry systems tropical climate tropical countries Tropical crop Tropical crops tropical deforestation tropical food tropical forest tropical forest management tropical fruit tropical hardwoods tropical oilseeds tropical rainforest tropical root crops tropical seed storage tropical storage tropics truce true retention Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosoma brucei s.l. Trypanosomatid trypanosomatidae trypanosomatids trypanosome trypanosomiasis trypanosomiasis control trypsin inhibitor tryptophan tsetse tsetse attractant tsetse control Tsetse flies tsetse fly tuber tuber sprout elongation tubers Tumour cell Tumour-immune model tuna tungro-associated viruses tungro-bacilliform virus tungsten accumulation Tunnel dryer turbophoretic model turbulence Turbulence directionality cues Two-Part model TYLCV TYLCV-Is type III effectors typhoon typing typologies typology Tyto alba U.K U937 UCBSV udaga Uganda Uganda marketing Ugandan cassava brown streak virus Ugandan National Sweetpotato Program (UNSP) UK UK food system UK import UK market UK single market Ukraine ultra narrow row ultra-processed foods ULV insecticides ULV spraying UN sustainable development goals uncertainty undamaged yield Under-nutrition under-utilised crops undernutrition understorey Underutilised underutilised indigenous vegetables uniform persistence Union Medal uniqueness United Kingdom united nations guiding principles United States Unregistered botanical pesticides Untargeted GC–MS profiling upland Upland rice urban urban agriculture urban and peri-urban agriculture urban beekeeping Urban ecology urban ecosystems urban farming urban food systems urban health/statistics & numerical data urban livelihoods urban migration urban mothers urban poor urban poverty Urban water urban water management urban-rural linkages urbanisation urbanization USA usury Usutu virus utilisation utilization Utilization Distribution Utz Certified UV protection UV reflectance vaccination vaccine vaccine development Vaccinium validation validation studies valorisation value addition value chain value chain analysis value chain analysisit value chains value determination value orientations value stream mapping value-action gap values VAMP2 Vanessa cardui vanillin Vanuatu vaporisation variances varietal attributes varietal improvement varietal screening varieties variety vascular development VCG Vector Vector abundance vector behaviour vector behaviour modification Vector biology vector control vector ecology vector performance vector surveillance vector transmission vector-borne disease vector-borne diseases vectors Vectors Arbovirus vegan vegetable vegetable and mineral oils vegetable crops vegetable diversity vegetable fat vegetable oil vegetable oil export vegetable oil production vegetable oil refining Vegetable processing vegetable production vegetable wax vegetable-based puree vegetables vegetarian vegetation vegetative propagation venturia inaequalis genome Vernonia vernonia amygdalina vertebrate pests vertical gardening vertical insect movement vertical structure vertical transmission vertical-looking radar very high resolution imagery vessel lumen fraction vessel number vessel size veterinary drugs veterinary profession vetiver vibrational signals video analysis video tracking Vietnam Vigna subterranea Vigna unguiculata VIGS Vijayawada village chicken village chickens village planning Village Savings and Loan Associations vine weevil Vinyungu violence violent conflict Violet-tailed sunbird Viphya plateau viral sequences Viroid virology virtual choir virtual reality virulence virulence-pathogen Virus virus detection virus detection and quantification virus disease virus diversity virus evolution virus host range virus indexing virus induced gene silencing virus infection virus isolates virus research virus resistance virus retention virus spread Virus transmission virus triggering virus vector virus-specific primers virus-vector relationships viruses Vision Visual quality visual responses visual scale vitamin vitamin A vitamin A cassava root slices vitamin A activity vitamin A deficiencies vitamin A deficiency vitamin a deficiency/diagnosis vitamin a deficiency/epidemiology vitamin a/blood vitamin C Vitis vinifera vocational voice perception voice synthesis volatile compounds Volatile Organic Compounds Volatile organic compounds (VOC) volatiles volatilization Volta Volterra’s principle voluntary standards Voluntary Sustainability Standards volunteers VSLA VSR Vulindlela Vulnerability vulnerability assessment vulnerability mapping W-band WAIC Wales War ware potato storage warehouse management Warehouse receipts warming warrantage Warsaw waste waste valorization wastes wasting Water water activity water and sanitation Water availability water cloud model water conflict water conservation water development water governance water harnessing water heating water loss water management water metabolism water pollution Water productivity Water Quality water relations Water repellency Water resources water scarcity water security Water storage water stress water supply water use efficiency Water yam flour water-borne pathogens Water-holding capacity Water-saving water-soluble gums waterbirds wax market Wealth Wealth distribution wearable camera weather weather conditions weather surveillance radar web application weed weed abundance weed biology Weed competition weed control weed control. herbicide tolerant rice weed ecology Weed infestation weed management weed suppression Weed suppressive ability (WSA) Weed-suppressive ability weeders weeding weeds weevil weight weight change Weight gain weight gain prevention weight loss weight management weight-gain weight-gain prevention weights Welfare wellbeing West Africa West Nile Virus Western Cape Western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system wet fish wet fufu Wet Markets wet ponds wetland health wetland services wetlandLIFE wetlands WGS Wheat wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat blast wheat genome sequence wheat yields and production Wheat flour white shrimp white-backed planthopper whiteflies whitefly Whitefly . Tomato leaf curl virus . Arsenophonus . Wolbachia . qRT-PCR Whitefly B. tabaci whitefly cDNA library Whitefly complex whitefly management Whitefly outbreaks whitefly resistance whitefly vector whitefly-transmitted crinivirus whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses whitefly-transmitted viruses whiteflyacquisition Whitefy WHO whole-exome wholesale lending wholesale lending market Wicked problems widowbird wild cabbage wild plant pollinator Wild species wildlife interface wildlife management wildlife–livestock–human interface willingness to pay Willingness-to-pay wilt wind wind force wind load Wind transport Windborne insect migration windborne migration windborne migration of African malaria vectors wing polymorphism wing-beat wingless arthropods winter annual winter wheat witchcraft witchweed within-family transmission Wittig reaction WNV Wolbachia Wolbachia phages Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes woman empowerment Women women entrepreneurship Women's empowerment Women’s empowerment wood burning wood cement wood density wood wool woodchipping woodland woodwool woodwool manufacture workers World Food Programme World Health world trade World Trade Organisation World Wide Fund for Nature in India wound healing wound-healing wounding WRSI WTO X-band X-ray computed tomography Xanthomonas citri [=X. axonopodis] pv. citri xenocymochtha xerophlaeoba Xestobium rufovillosum xylem xylem sap xylem sapwood Xylotrechus arvicola Xylotrechus quadripes yam yam (Dioscorea spp.) badnaviruses yam cultivar Yam mosaic virus Yams Yao yeast yeast two hybrid assay yeild benefits yellow dwarf virus yellow fleshed cassava yellow mosaic virus yellow mottle disease yellow mottle virus yellow stemborer yellow vein mosaic virus yellow-dwarf-virus Yemen Yersinia Yersinia pestis yield yield forecasting Yield gap yield loss Yield related traits yield response Yield sensitivity yield variability yields YMV young adults young children young people youth Yucatan peninsula Yugoslavia Z Z)- and (E Z)-3 Z)-4 Z)-6 Zambazia Zambia Zanha africana Zanzibar Zanzibari Zea mays zearalenone zero burning zero hunger zeylenol Zimbabwe zinc Zingiberaceae zonocerus variegatus Zoology zoonoses Zoonosis Zoonotic disease zoophagic zoophilic zooprophylaxis épistémologie β-carotene β-1 β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) β-carotene β-carotene epoxides β-tubulin gene sequence ‘fufu’ flight altitude