Wan, Nian-Feng, Li, Muyao, Shen, Siyuan, Zhou, Jun-Xiang, Zhu, Yu-Tong, Woodcock, Ben A., Hu, Yue-Qing, Nagakawa, Shinichi, Tilman, David, Hector, Andy, Loreau, Michel, Reich, Peter B., Dainese, Matteo, Isbell, Forest, Wyckhuys, Kris A.G., Schmid, Bernhard, Gurr, Geoff M., Wan, Linsheng, Eisenhauer, Nico, Hautier, Yann, Eskelinen, Anu, Bardgett, Richard D., Kardol, Paul, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Su, Qi, Qiu, Shiyun, Aartsma, Yavanna, Albajes, Ramon, Albrecht, Matthias, Ali, Md Panna, Alvarez, Hugo Alejandro, Anagonou, Corinne, Axmacher, Jan Christoph, Bahauddin, Dan, et., al., Stevenson, Philip ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0736-3619 and et., al. (2026) Plant diversity modifies multi-trophic interactions in croplands, grasslands and forests. Science Advances. ISSN 2375-2548 (Online) (In Press)

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Abstract

Multi-trophic interactions can strongly influence the structure and functioning of ecosystems, but how plant diversity influences the direction, and predictability of multi-trophic interactions across agricultural and natural ecosystems remains unclear. Using 149 field studies across five continents, we found that, on average, increasing plant diversity tended to exert differential top-down and bottom-up effects in croplands vs. grasslands and forests. Organic and non-organic croplands exhibited 846% and 148% higher invertebrate natural enemy-to-herbivore abundance ratios under increased plant diversity, consistent with top-down control patterns where predator gains cause herbivore declines, enhancing crop outcomes. In grasslands and forests, increasing plant diversity was associated with bottom-up effects where enhanced productivity increased both herbivore and predator populations, with the enemy-to-herbivore ratio increasing 4.73% for grasslands and 21.2% for forests. Our findings suggest that biodiversity effects on productivity are not solely explained by direct plant-plant interactions and the resulting biodiversity-productivity relationship. Rather, they reveal patterns consistent with the framework of top-down and bottom-up effects, the relative balance of which may vary depending on ecosystem and management type. The magnitude of the effects of diversified farming on crop pests suggests that crop diversification may be an important avenue for managing crop pests preventatively and thereby enhancing agricultural sustainability. One Sentence Summary: Plant diversity differentially affects trophic interactions across ecosystems.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	multi-trophic interactions
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) S Agriculture > SB Plant culture S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Centre for Sustainable Agriculture 4 One Health Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Centre for Sustainable Agriculture 4 One Health > Chemical Ecology & Plant Biochemistry
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2026 15:50
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/53928

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