'NASPOT 11' (2R (2S (3Z • 6Z • 9Z)-heneicosatriene (3Z • 6Z)-cis-9 (E (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (R)-2-nonyl butyrate (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone (R)-4-methyloctanoic acid (S (S )-2-hydroxy-3-decanone (Z (Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene (Z)-7-Pentadecene (Z)-8-Heptadecene 1-acetoxy-5-butyroxyhexane 10- 10-epoxyheneicosadiene 11-tetradecadienyl acetate 12 15-pentacosapentaene 15N natural abundance method 16 S rDNA gene 16SrRNA 2 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol 2-acetoxy-5-undecanone 2-acetoxyundecane 2-arylbenzofurans 2-undecanol 2-undecanone 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 3 dihydroxyoctane 3-hydroxy-2-decanone 3d 3D motion tracking 3D reconstruction 3D tracking 4-D 4-methylguaiacol 454 sequencing 4p1000 6 8Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene 8Z)-2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene(2S 8Z)-8-heptadecen-2-ol 9 9-nonadecadiene a-pinene A. corpulentus A. gallagheri A. guineensis A. importunus A. mitchelli A. sciangallorum A. socotrensis A/H1N1influenza AB SOLiD ABA ABA-GE abiotic factors Abiotic stress above-ground store Aboveground biomass abscisic acid absence of surface water abundance Acacia cyanophylla acaricidal efficacy acaricidal plants accessory chromosome acclimation Acetaldehyde Acetylcholinesterase Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Acomys Aconitum acoustic behaviour acoustic communication acoustic distortion acoustic measurements Acoustical Ecology acoustics acquisition acridae acrididae acridinae acromyrmex Actellic Super Dust Action research Activity rhythms Actographs Acyrthosiphon pisum Adaptation adaptive behaviour adaptive capacity adaptive resource management adaptive-decision model adipogenesis adoption and dissemination or diffusion of technology adventitious roots advertisement calls Aedes Aedes aegypti aedes albopictus Aegilops tauschii aerial migration aerial sampling aerial sampling of mosquitoes aerial spraying aerial trapping Aerial trapping studies aerobiology aeroecology aerosol insecticide Aethomys Africa African agriculture African armyworm African Barred Owlet African crop pests African farming African horse sickness african soil African Trypanosomiasis African wild yobacco African Yam Bean age structure age-structured model Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum yellow vein virus (AJ810825) Aggregate distribution aggregate stability aggregation pheromone Agri-environmental monitoring agricultural development agricultural extension services agricultural fields agricultural innovation systems (AIS) agricultural intensification Agricultural management agricultural pests agricultural pests and plant-virus disease vectors agricultural planning agricultural productivity agricultural research Agricultural research for development (AR4D) agricultural systems agricultural technology Agriculture agrifood systems agro-ecological intensification agro-ecological regions agro-ecological zone agro-ecosystems agro-pastoralism agrochemical agrochemicals Agroecology agroforest Agroforestry agroforestry systems agromorphological trait agronomy agropastoralism agropastoralists Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis segetum agrovet agro‐ecological intensification air entrainment air flow air particle velocity air permeability air pollution Air pollution · Stochastic differential equation · Change point · Respiratory infection · Intervention measures alata alder Alectra Aleyrodes lonicerae Aleyrodes proletella Aleyrodidae alkaloid alkaloid content Herbivory alkaloids alla allelopathy Allochronic speciation allomones almost periodic solution Alnus orientalis alpha-glucosidase Alphabaculovirus alpine flowers Alternaria alternata Alternaria gaisen Alternaria mali Alternaria section Alternaria Alternariaarborescensspeciescomplex Alternariafruitspot Alternarialeafblotch Alternate wetting and drying Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) Alternative treatment strategy aman rice Ambrosia artemisiifolia AMF amitermes AMOVA aMPV amr An. arabiensis An. coluzzii (M form) An. gambiae s.s. Anabasine analysis analytic network process analytical chemistry and analysis and processing of musical sounds Andes anemohoria anemohydrochoria angiosperms animal animal health animal husbandry animal migration animal orientation strategies animal tracking animal welfare Annobón Annual crop Annual transmission potential Anobiidae Anopheles Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles balabacensis Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles donaldi Anopheles gambiae Anopheles gambiae (S form) Anopheles gambiae s.s Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Anopheles mosquito Anopheles mosquitoes Anopheles quadriannulatus Anoplophora glabripennis ant antennal response anthesis Anthodiaeta Anthonomus rubi anthropocentrisme anthropogenic climate change anthropophilic anti-tick plants antibacterial antibiotic antibiotic resistance antibody responses antifungal antileishmanial activity antimicrobial antimicrobial resistance antiproliferative aphid aphid behavior aphid sitobion-avenae aphid-transmitted potyvirus aphidius colemani aphids aphids flight behaviour Aphis fabae Apis Apis mellifera APOC Apocynaceae Apoidea Apolygus lucorum apple black spot apple canker apple scab apples application aquaculture aquaporin aquatic animals aquatic insects Aqueous extracts aqueous fruit extracts aqueous plant extracts Arabia Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana Araneae arbovirus arboviruses ARISA armyworm armyworm moth arrestant arrestment Arsenophonus Arsenophonus and 16s rDNA art-science Artemisia Artemisia annua Artemisinin arthropods artificial diet artificial soil Arvicanthis Arvicanthis niloticus Arylbenzofuran Ascosphaera apis ascospore production ash Asia Asian asparagus Assess assessment assessment methods assessment mothodology assessment technique asset dynamics associational effects Asuncion Atmospheric Turbulence Atmospheric circulation atmospheric dispersal atmospheric dispersion models atmospheric transport attractant attractant baits attractants attracticide attraction attractor AUC Auchenorrhyncha audio analysis audio signal processing auditory processing augmentation Augmentation order Augmentation quantity Augmentation times autocovariate logistic Autographa gamma autoSNP Average treatment effect aversion avian malaria parasites avian predation avicide avirulence avoided deforestation axillary shoot multiplication Azadirachta azadirachta indica B value B. trehalosi BAC bacilliform virus Bacillus thuringiensis backbone Backward bifurcation Bacteria bacterial canker bacterial diversity Bacterial endosymbionts bacterial genomics bacterial leaf blight bacterial wilt Bactericera cockerelli Baculovirus baculoviruses Baculoviruses production Badna-PCR badnavirus bagstacks bait technique baited traps baits baker's yeast balanced agricultural systems BALB/c mice bamboo masting banana banana bunchy top disease banana bunchy top virus banana-streak-virus Bandicota Bandicota bengalensis bands Bangaladesh Bangladesh Barbados bare fallow Barind Tract barley basal rot basic needs bat diets bats Bayesian Bayesian network models Bayoud disease BBTV Bead array bean common mosaic potyvirus bean fly bean stem maggot bean virus beans bee decline bee disease bee health bee microbiome bee parasites Bee pathogens bee vision bees Beet armywom Beet armyworm beetles BEF begomorovirus begomovirus begomoviruses behavior behavior change behavioral ecology behavioral response behavioral responses behaviour behaviour ‬change behavioural ecology beliefs Belize Bemisia afer Bemisia after Bemisia tabaci Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci) Bemisia tabaci whitefly species beneficial insect predators beneficiary benefit ratio benefit ratios Benin benomyl resistance benzofurans Benzyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Best Management Practices beta-glucan Betabaculovirus Betaflexiviridae Betula pendula Beverton-Holt equations Beverton–Holt model Bi-threshold value Biannual bibliography biconical trap Biennial bearing Bifenthrin bifurcation bifurcations bills bioacoustics bioacoustique bioassay biobank biochar BIOCLIM biocontrol biodiversity biodiversity conservation biodiversity hotspots biodiversity loss biodiversity metrics biodiversity tools bioenergetics Bioflows biofortification biofuels biogeochemical nitrogen cycle biogeography bioherbicide bioherbicides bioinformatics Bioko biological conservation Biological control biological control agents biological cycling biological pesticides biological species biological traits biomass flux Biomass production Weed control Grain yield Nutrient uptake Soil organic carbon DayCent model biomechanics biometric Biopesticide biopesticides biopores Biorational pest management biosafety biosafety level biosecurity biosynthesis Biotechnology biotic factors Biotransformation biotroph biotype biotypes bird migration bird pest bird pest control bird predation bird species birds Bisabolene bishop Bistability biting flies Biting midges Biting rates black bean aphid Black Gram Husk Black Kite black Sigatoka blackcurrant blackflies blindness Blindness prevalence blood parasites blood-feeding blood-feeding behaviour blossoming bluetongue bluetongue virus blurred orbit BNG map boardmaking bobgunnia bobgunnia madagascariensis body weight Bogong moth Bolivia Bombus Bombus impatiens Bombus terrestris Bootstrapping Bornean orangutan Borneo boron borrelia burdorferii sensu lato bostrichidae botanical botanical acaricides botanical extracts Botanical insecticide botanical insecticides Botanical pesticide botanical pesticides Botanical products botanicals botany Botrytis gray mold Botswana Boundary function brasicca brassica crops Brassica oleracea Brassicas Brazil breeding breeding pattern Breteau index Brevicoryne brassicae Brindley’s gland Britain British Ornithologists' Union British Ornithologists’ Union Broad-spectrum herbicides broadleaved Brood diseases broomrape brown locust Brown planthopper brown rust brown streak virus bruchid bruchid beetles bruchids Brycorinae Bryocoropsis laticollis Bt cotton Bt-Cotton Bt-crops Bt-proteins Bti Buchnera hispida bud break Bud weevils budgets bumblebee bumblebees Burkina Faso Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Busco bushmeat butterflies physiology Butyrylcholinesterase by-catch Bycatch BYDV‐PAV BYMV Byturus tomentosus C hain reaction C-type lectin C. brunneus C. brunneus Fabricius C3 C4 C4 photosynthesis Ca.P. prunorum Ca.P. pyri CAAPD Cabbage Cabbage Whitefly cabbage whitefly Cacao caffeic acid ester caffeine cajanus cajan calactin calcium ions Callosobruchus Callosobruchus maculatus calotropin Cambium Cameroon cameroon volcanic line Campesino campylobacter Canard cycle cancer cancer model cancer stem cell Candidatus Phytoplasma mali canine Canis lupus familiaris canna canned fish Canopeo Capacity building capacity building and stakeholder organisation capillifolium capsid capsid strategy and helper strategy capture–mark–recapture carbohydrate-recognition domain Carbohydrate: Protein ratio carbon Carbon budgets carbon cycling carbon dioxide carbon flow carbon footprinting carbon mineralisation carbon sequestration carbon stocks carbon stocks modelling carbon storage cardinal temperatures Caribbean carlavirus carnivores carotenoids CART Cassava cassava brown streak disease cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) cassava brown streak ipomoviruses Cassava brown streak virus cassava brown streak virus disease cassava brown streak viruses Cassava diseases cassava exchange cassava flour cassava mosaic cassava mosaic disease cassava mosaic virus disease cassava mosaic viruses cassava mosaic-virus cassave mosaic disease Cassia sophera casting Catch crops cattle cattle ticks cauliflower-mosaic-virus causality CBL CBSD CBSD and CMD CBSD resistance CBSV CBSVs CCA CDC Cecidomyiidae cell cycle Cell division Cell expansion cell size cell suspension culture cell wall 25 proteins cellular automata cement slab manufacture cement slabs cement-lined pit central Africa Central America central britain centralized quarantine Centromere cephalosporin Cerambycidae Ceratopogonidae cereal aphids cereal crop Cereal crops cereals certifiable standards Certification CFD Chad change change point chant Chaos characteristic characteristics checklist chemical and structural analyses chemical control chemical defence Chemical defense chemical ecology chemical fertility Chemical weed control chemo-sensory transcriptomics chemotaxis chemotaxonomy Chemotherapeutic dose response Chemotype chemotype 3 chemovar chicken chickens chickpea chikungunya chilling Chilo polychrysa China chiral sex pheromone Chirality chironomids chlorantraniliprole chlorogenic acid chlorophyll fluorescence choice experiment cholinesterases Chromsosomes chronic contamination chrysanthemum gall midge Chrysoperla carnea cicadulina cicer cicer arietinum cicerfuran CIMBAA CIMMYT circadian activity Circadian rhythms circular economy cissus quadrangularis citizen science Citrus city trees city-based pattern CJ Atkinson cladogenesis class-average classification classification and regression tree Clavigralla tomentosicollis clay-lined pit Climate climate adaptation climate change climate change and variability Climate change impact climate exposure Climate factors climate fluctuation climate forecast climate risk climate sensitivity climate suitability Climate-change ecology Climatic zone Clitostethus arcuatus closed‑tube reverse transcription loop‑mediated isothermal amplification (CT-RT-LAMP) Closteroviridae Cluster analysis Cluster oscillation CMBs duplex and multiplex RT-PC CMD co-infection CO2 CO2 assimilation CO2 emission CO2 reduction coat protein gene sequences coat proteins coccidiosis Cochin Cochliomyia hominivorax cocoa Cocoa midges cocoa mirids cocoa production cocoa swollen shoot disease coexistence Coffea arabica Coffea stenophylla coffee coffee agroecosystems coffee agroforestry Coffee morphology coffee nectar triats coffee phenology coffee quality coffee sustainability coffee white stem borer Coffee yield COI1 cold cold storage Cold stress Coleoptera coleoptera apionidae Colletotrichum Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes Colloid transport Colloidal gold colloidal transport color space colour colour constancy colour hexagon colour models colour vision commensal rodent commensal rodents commercial bumble bees common bean common mosaic virus communication community conservation community ecology community engagement community forest management Community forestry community surveillance community survey community-based forest management comparative genomics Compass orientation compensation Competition competitive advantage competitive system Complementarity effect Complete genome complex dynamics complexes Composite indexes compost composting and NaOH Computer modeling computer music concealed reward conflict killing congruence coniesta ignefusalis connectivity Conopomorpha cramerella conservation conservation agriculture conservation biocontrol conservation biological control conservation biology conservation finance conservation implications conservation status constitutive and plastic expression constrained ordination constraints consumption contact and fumigant toxicity Contact angle Container production container productivity containment contaminated environment contamination Contraceptive bait control control method Control reproduction number controlled release contrôle contrôle de l'articulation contrôle gestuel contrôle rythmique convergence convergence cross mapping convergence harmonique Conversation Conversion Processes cooking oil cooperative breeding copro-antigen copro-PCR Cordycepin Cordyceps militaris coreidae corn-rootworm coleoptera coroglaucigenin corporate biodiversity management corporate environmental management cost cost-effective protocols cost-effectiveness Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Cotinus Cotton cotton bollworm cotton cultivars cotton plant coumaric counterfactual counterfactual analysis courtship behavior Cover crop cover crop biomass Cover crops COVID COVID-19 COVID-19 outbreak cow dung cowpea cowpea weevil crinivirus crinkler Crioceris asparagi CRISPR/Cas9 Crithidia Crithidia bombi critical coverage rate Critical glucose threshold crocodiles crop crop biotechnology crop breeding crop damage crop damage assessment crop disease management Crop diversification crop diversity crop domestication crop evolution crop husbandry crop loss crop management crop modelling crop pest crop pests crop plant–pollinator interactions crop production Crop protection crop protection practices Crop Protection Programme crop rotation crop suitability modeling crop virus crop wild relatives crop wild relatives (CWRs) crop yield crop yields crop-loss assessment cropping practices Cropping system cropping systems crops cross cross-section croton (Codiaeum variegatum L croton leaf curl virus (CrLCuV) crown rot crustaceans Cry1B/Cry1C cryptic species cryptotermes CTG clade yeast cucurbits cues Culex Modestus Culex mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus Culicidae Culicoides Culicomorpha cultivar cultivar variation cultivars cultivation cultural control cultured fish culturing Cumulative effect curative weed management curing curve fitting custodians cutworm cyanogenic glycosides Cyclin D3 cyclohexane epoxides Cylas cylas brunneus Cylas puncticollis Cylas puncticollis Boheman cymbopogon citratus cynanchum Cypermethrin Cyperus difformis Cyprus cytochrome b Cytochrome oxidase cytochrome oxidase I gene Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cytochromoe oxidase I gene cytogenetics cytokinins cytospecies distribution cytotoxic activity Czech daffodil damage damage threshold damnosum Dar es Salaam dark respiration Dasineura gleditchiae data analysis Data Envelopment Analysis data fitting data validation database date palm DayCent Biogeochemical modeling DDT death death-watch beetle deathwatch beetle deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Anobiidae selection behavior photo-response behavior Deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Coleoptera Anobiidae Quercus sp. host selection behaviour chemo-orientation behaviour oviposition timber pest wood-decaying fungi Donkioporia expansa decarbonisation decentralised governance decision support tool decline declining biodiversity defence mechanisms defense deficiency deforestation Degraded land and soils deguelin delay delayed response to pesticide application deltamethrin Democratic Republic of Congo Demonax balyi denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) dengue Dengue disease Dengue fever density density dependence density distribution model density distribution modeling desert desert locust Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) Detection detection of endangered species Detector deterrence threshold deterrent detoxification Detoxification Enzyme detoxification pathways developing countries development development rates Development uptake dhal Diabetes diagnosis diagnostic diagnostic assay Diagnostic studies Diagnostic Test Diagnostics Diamondback moth Diaphorina citri Dicymbe altsoni Diels–Alder adduct diet Diet breadth diet diversity difference tones Differential transmission Digital musical instrument digital musical instruments dihydroflavonol Dioscorea Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata complex Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea spp. Dioscorea yam diploid Diptera direct-seeded rice direct-seeding discrete Euler-Lagrange equation Discrete model Discrete switching system disease disease complex Disease free periodic solution disease management disease outbreaks Disease resistance Disease spread disease transmission disease vector disease vectors disease-spread diseases Dispensers dispersal Dispersal distance Dispersion disruption dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic matter Distantiella theobroma distortion products distribution distribution map district-based pattern disturbance divergence diversification diversity Djodji form DMNT DNA DNA bar-coding DNA barcoding DNA extraction DNA probes DNA satellite molecules dna substitution DNA transposons dna viruses DOC quality dodder dogs dolichos yellow mosaic disease domestication dormancy induction dose response dose-response curves Dothideomycete Dothideomycetes Double Haploid Double hurdle model Dover Doxycycline draught animals DRC drift drift compensation Drivers of deforestation drop-catching Drosophila Drosophila-santomea drought drought acclimation drought management drought tolerance drug discovery Drug response Duality Dunaliella salina durability duranta leaf Durban dwarfing Dynamic complexity dynamic delayed Ricker difference model (DRDM) dynamic ecological niche modelling dynamic model dynamic occupancy model dynamic occupancy models dynamic range boxes dynamic species abundance modelling dynamic species distribution modelling dynamic threats dynamic threshold dynamics D’Arcy Thompson E e coli E)-9 E. coli EACMZV EAG early virus detection early warning systems Early-morning flowering earthworms East Africa East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus East Anglia UK eastern Africa eastern Mediterranean eastern province ebola EBRM Echinochloa colona echinochloa crusgalli eco-education ecofriendly Ecological epidemiology ecological history ecological impacts ecological modeling Ecological modelling ecological monitoring ecological niche ecological niche modelling Ecological paradox ecological resources ecological services ecologically based rodent management Ecologically-based management ecologically-based rodent management ecology economic economic analysis economic drivers economic issue economic threshold Economic Upgrading economy ecosystem ecosystem services ecosystem based adaptation ecosystem multifunctionality Ecosystem processes ecosystem service ecosystem services ecosystem services modelling Ecosystems ecotoxicology edge-following edible fish Editorial education edutainment effect Effective reproduction number effective reproductive number effector effector genes effectors effluent egg development egg hatching Egg laying egg parasitoids eimeria elder elderberry elderflower electric nets Electro-acoustic and electronic instruments electroantennogram electroantennography Electrocuting traps electromagnetic modelling electron microscopy electronic music Electrophysiology elimination ELISA embarkation behaviours Emergent Infectious disease emerging disease epidemics emerging diseases emerging infectious diseases emigration emission Emissions enantiomers enantioselective gas chromatographym enantioselectivity endangered species endectocides endemic endogenous endogenous badnaviral elements Endogenous Dioscorea bacilliform virus endogenous pararetroviral sequences (EPRVs) Endogenous pararetrovirus Endogenous pararetrovirus (EPRV) Endogenous pararetroviruses endogenous rhythm endophagic endophilic endosulfan endosymbiont endosymbionts energy recovery England enotyping Ensete ventricosum ENSO entomological radar entomological radars entomologie entomology entomopathogenic bacteria entomopathogenic fung entomopathogenic fungi entomopathogenic fungus entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic virus entomopathogens environment environment health Environmental factors environmental change environmental decision making environmental DNA environmental factors Environmental filtering environmental impact environmental impacts environmental perturbation environmental reservoir Environmental variables environmentally friendly pest control enzymatic resolution EPF Ephestia elutella epidemic waves epidemiology epidermis epiphenomenon Episomal badnavirus Episyrphus balteatus Equatorial Guinea Equilibrium equipment list Equity Eradication and persistence ergodicity ericaceae Erythrina poepiggiana escherichia coli Espiritu Santo establishment esterase estimating climate data ethanol ethers Ethiopia ethno-ecology ethnobotanical IPR ethnobotanicals Ethnobotany Ethnomusicology Etho Vision ethyl (R)-4-methyloctanoate Ethylene etymological values EU review eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus gomphocephala Eucalyptus grandis Eucalyptus saligna euonymus fortunei Eupatorium Eupeodes corolla Eupeodes corollae Euphorbia ringspot virus euprepoptera Europe european market European Union Eurygaster integriceps evaluation evidence-based conservation Evolution evolution and adaptation evolution of dispersal evolutionary divergences existence exophagic exophilic exophily Exotic species expert knowledge explosions export expression extended Ricker model extension extension services extinction Extinction and persistence extinction and permanence extinction risk extreme eyprepocnemidinae F-statistics F2 Individual faba bean Fabaceae Facilitation facultative parasitism fall armyworm Fall armyworm moth fallow land famine Farm network survey farm typology farmer Farmer Field School farmer participation farmer research network farmer survey farmers Farmers’ practices farming farming planning farming practices Farming system Farming systems research Farming Systems Research (FSR) Farming systems research (FSR)Agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) Fastqc fatty acids fecundity Feeding behaviour fengxiao fenthion Fenvalerate fermentation fertigation fertiliser fertiliser sector fertilisers fertility Fertility control fertilization fertilizer field activity field crops Field level indicators field margin field margin plants field margins Field performance field scale field screening field trapping fight behavior filarial nematodes filariasis Filippov model Filippov system fine root biomass and turnover fine root turnover fine roots fire fire typology fire-bombs fish fish aquaponics fish export fish products fisheries fishing fishing time fitness costs Fitness effects five families: Caulimoviridae flagellum flavanones flavonol glycosides flavonol pentaglycosides fleas Fledgling flight flight ability Flight altitude flight behaviour flight capacity flight heading flight orientation flight pattern flight periodicity flight tracking flight-tone flooding flooding stress floral attractant Floral chemistry floral colour floral communities floral handling floral initiation floral landscape floral odors floral odour floral preference floral reflectance floral resource plant Floral rewards floral scent floral trait manipulation floral traits Flow sensing Flow sorting flower flower chafer flower colour flower colour database flower odor flower pigment flowering dynamics Flowerpeckers flowers Fluorescence microspheres fluoride fodder crop Food additives food aid Food consumption food microbiology Food Science food security food-borne disease foraging foraging activity foraging behavior foraging behaviour foraging flights forecast forecast verification forecasting forest forest degradation forest ecosystem forest plantation forest policy forest soil Forest strain forestry formae speciales Formulation formulation laboratory Forsythia fractional green cover Fragaria fragaria vesca fragaria x ananassa fragmentation fragmented habitat framework France Fraxinus free flight free radical scavenging Free-flight free-fly free-flying mosquitoes frequency matching frequency tuning frozen fish fruit Fuel Fumigant toxicity fumigation functional genes functional trade-offs funding and research priorities fungal barcoding fungal metabolite fungal pathogen fungi fungicide fungicides Fusarium basal rot Fusarium graminearum Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Fusarium spp. Fusarium wilt future forest loss G. m. morsitans G. morsitans G. pallidipes Gall Galleria mellonella GAM game ranching Gammabaculovirus Gas chromatography gas chromatography-electroantennographic recording gas diffusion gas exchange gas flare Gaston Lagaffe GEBV gemini virus coat protein geminiviridae geminivirus Geminivirus diversity geminiviruses gender Gene content variation Gene expansion gene expression Gene family gene flow Gene loss gene silencing gene targets gene x environment interaction generalized additive modelling generalized equilibrium genetic differentiation genetic diversity genetic enhancement Genetic erosion genetic gain Genetic manipulation Genetic modification Genetic modification . Genetic engineering . Plant breeding . Food security . Disease resistance . Developing countries . Biosafety genetic variability genetic variation Genome genome assembly genome diversity genome plasticity genome sequences Genome sequencing genome wide association studies Genome-wide Recombination genomic instability genomic typing genomic variation genomics genotype Genotype × environment interaction Genotype × environment interactions genotypes genotyping by sequencing Geo-statistics geochemical cycling Geographic distribution geographic features geographical range Geomalacus maculosus Geometridae Gerbilliscus Gerbilliscus vicinus Germacrene-D Germany germination germination model germplasm gestural control gesture control GFLV Ghana Gibberella gibberellic acid GIS Giving up density giving-up-density Glanville fritillary Glanville fritillary butterfly Gleditsia triacanthos GLM global analysis global asymptotic stability global datasets global dynamics global stability Global Value Chains globalisation Glossina Glossina fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) Glossina fuscipes spp. Glossina morsitans Glossina morsitans centralis Glossina morsitans morsitans Glossina pallidipes Glossina palpalis Glossina palpalis gambiensis Glossina spp glottal flow model Glucose infusion Glucose-insulin system Glufosinate glutathione S-transferase Glyphosate GM cotton gm foods GM plant GMO gomphocarpus Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) good agricultural practices gossypol gra- phic tablet graduation graft union grain Grain filling grain harvest grain loss Grain protein concentration Grain quality grain storage Grain storage losses grain store grain yield grain-eating birds Granddaughters Grandlure I Grandlure II Granger test granivory Granulovirus Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) Graphiurus grass grass weed grasses grasshopper grasshoppes Grayanoid diterpene grayanotoxin grayanotoxins great apes Green darner dragonfly green lacewings green revolution green trap color greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gas intensity Greenhouse gas mitigation Greenhouse gas sink Grey Parrot ground cover ground spraying groundnut rosette groundnut rosette disease growing conditions Growth Growth vigor Guatemala GUD GUI Guignardia citricarpa Gulf of Guinea gumboro disease gut microbiota Guyana GWAS habitat habitat association Habitat manipulation habitat suitability habitat use Habitat Utilization habitats HACCP Haematophagous blackflies haematophagy haemoglobin haemoparasites Hand weeding handling haplotype haplotypes harmonic convergence harmonic radar harmonic radar tracking Harringtonia lauricola harvest loss harvest yield harvesters harvesting operations hauteur mélodique Hawaii health health benefits healthcare workers hearing hearing range heat Heat stress Hedydipna height Helianthus annuus Helicoverpa Helicoverpa armigera Helicoverpa gelotopoeon Helicoverpa zea Heliodinidae heliothinae heliothinae classification hellula undalis Helopeltis cinchonae helopeltis theivora helopeltis theobromae helper component protease helper virus hemiparasitism Hemiptera Hemiptera Heteroptera Hepadnaviridae herbal medicine Herbicidal herbicide resistance herbicides heteracris Heteroptera Heteroptera: Miridae Heteropteran bugs heterosis Heterozygous SNPs hexadecatrienyl acetates hexadecyl estersoctadecyl esters hexyl 3-acetoxybutyrate Hexyl butyrate HFMD hibiscus hierarchical genetic structure high altitude flight High Barind Tract High night temperature high temperature high-altitude High-flying insects high-speed videometrics high-throughput high‐throughput phenotyping Hindustani classical HIPV Histeridae Histoplasmosis history Holling type II predator-prey model Holling’s disc equation home quarantine home range homo-γ-bisabolene homoptera Homoptera cicadellidae Honduras hondurensis honey honey bees honey locust gall midge honeybee hookworms hordeum vulgare horizontal genes horizontal transmission horizontally acquired genes hormesis hormetic effects hormetic zone hormone horsegram horses horticulture hospital beds host host specificity host adaptation Host age preference Host choice host decoy trap host mixture host odour host odour attractant host odours host outbreak host plant host plant resistance host plant volatiles host plants adaptation host preference host races Host range host resistance host selection host selection behaviour host sex pheromones host specialization host stimuli host tolerance Host-odours host-parasite ecology host-parasite interaction host-parasite interactions host-parasitoid model host-plant range host-plant resistance host-plants host-seeking Host-seeking vectors host-specific toxin host–microbe interactions host–parasitoid model host–parasitoid ratio house finches houses hoverfly HPLC HPV HPV prevention HPV vaccine HT rice HTS human development human African trypanosomiasis Human blood index human nutrition human well-being human-modified landscapes humid climate humoral and cellular immunity hunting Hutan Desa hybridisation hybridization zones hybrids hydraulic conductivity hydrology hydropower Hydroxyapatite hydroxycinnamic acid hydroxycinnamic acid esters Hymenoptera hyperparasitoids Hypsipyla grandella hysteresis I gene IBV ICT ICTV report and caulimoviridae identification iil palm illumina Illumina adapters Illumina Hiseq Image analysis Imidazolinone immune response curve immunity waning immunocompetence Immunosorbent electron microscopy immunotherapy impact impact assessment impact evaluation imperata cyclindrica imperata cylindrica imprecise Lévy-flight improved cassava varieties impulse impulsive chemostat model impulsive difference equations impulsive harvesting impulsive set impulsive single-species model in situ conservation In vitro In vitro culture in vitro regeneration In vivo in-vitro Inaugural lecture incidence income income generation incongruence incursion India Indian Jatropha Mosaic Disease Indian subcontinent indicator species indigenous indigenous chickens indigenous communities indigenous crops Indigenous knowledge indigenous rights indirect transmission indirect transmission individual-based model Indonesia induced resistance induction industrial agriculture industrial plantations Infants infection infection control practices infection diseases infectious clone Infectious clones infectious disease infectious diseases Infestation level Inflorescence stem influenza-like illness (ILI) Information accessibility Inga Inga laurina inheritance initial density inland valley inland valleys inner Mongolia Innovations innovative fertilisers Insect Insect hearing insect and disease resistance insect baheviour insect behavior insect behaviour insect biodiversity insect conservation insect control insect diseases insect ecology insect flight insect foraging novelty aversion insect growth regulators insect hearing insect herbivore Insect immunity insect layer insect layering insect layers insect migrants insect migration insect migration flyway insect monitoring insect navigation insect neurophysiology insect orientation insect pest insect pests Insect RCS Insect resistance Insect resistance management insect sensory system insect taxonomy insect vector insect vectors insect vision insect-monitoring radar insect-resistant crops insecte Insecticidal Insecticidal botanicals insecticide insecticide alternatives insecticide resistance insecticide sensitivity insecticide-treated cattle insecticide-treated targets insecticides insects Insect‐plant interactions insect–plant interactions instrument de musique numérique instruments de musique numériques Insulin injection intactness integral equation model Integrated assessment (Participatory)research methods integrated crop management integrated pest management integrated weed management Integration integro-difference equation Inter-country comparisons inter-species performance interaction interactions Interception intercrop intercropping intergenerational intergrated pest management internal control international development interspecific interspecific breeding Interspecific hybrid interspecific interactions interspecific rice Interval number Intervention intervention timing intonation intra-household bargaining intraspecific variation Intraspecific and interspecific competition Response surface design Resource partitioning Facilitation Relative dominance Land equivalency ratio (LER) intraspecific communication intraspecific variation invasion ecology invasions Invasive Invasive Alien plants invasive plant invasive species Invasiveness IOD Ion Torrent ions IPM ipomoea Ipomoea batatas Ipomovirus Ipsdienone Ipsenol Iraq IRM irrigated lowland irrigated rice irrigated system rehabilitation irrigation irrigation development Irrigation scheduling Irrigation systems Ishtirak project islands isoflavonoid isoflavonoids isolation by distance isomers isoptera isothermal amplification isothermal moisture diffusion Italy ITPase Ivermectin Ivory Coast ixodes ricinus Jamaica Janzen-Connell effects japanese encephalitis-virus jasmonate Johnston's organ Johnston’s organ Jumping plant lice Juvenile plumage behaviour Ka-band Kaempferia rotunda kairomone Kairomones Kalimantan Kalman filter kalotermitidae kappa karate karyotypes Kent Kenya key biodiversity areas kinesis kinetic koala koalas Kumasi L-Ascorbic acid L. major L. tropica laboratory rearing laboratory services labour and livelihoods labour division Lagrangian stochastic models Lambda cyhalothrin Laments Lamiinae LAMP land degradation Land evaluation for coffee production land management land suitability land use land use change land-cover change land-use change land-use/cover changes landing Landraces landscape analysis landscape ecology landscape of fear landscape planning large grain borer large-scale production larger grain borer larva Larvae larval wound fluid larvicide larviciding Lasioderma serricorne Lateral-flow-immunoassay Latin America laurel wilt Lavandulol leaching leaf aqueous extract leaf area leaf area index leaf beetle leaf curl leaf curl disease leaf curl virus Leaf hairs leaf miners leaf reflectance leaf respiration leaf traits leaf weevil Leaf wettability leaf-cutting ant learning legislation legume legume cropping systems legume virus Legumes leguminosae Leishmania Leishmania aethiopica leishmania infantum Lemniscomys length difference test Length distribution lentil lepidoptera lepidoptera noctuidae Leptosphaeria maculans Leptospira serovar Leptospirosis Leptospirosis diagnosis leptotriene Leslie matrix model levonorgestrel liberia lidar life cycle assessment life history traits life sciences life stage life table study life-history strategies life-history traits lifecycle lifecycle assesment Lifecycle assessment lignification Lima-bean pod borer limit cycle limited medical resources linalool linalyl anthranilate lineage specific linkage map Liocoris tripustulatus lipid metabolism lipid traffic analysis lipids lippia javanica liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid-chromatography litter decomposition litter production live mosquito live traps live-catching livelihood livelihoods livelihoods diversification livestock livestock feed lizards LLIN – Multivariable logistic regression – Ownership – SSA – Utilization lobopoma local adaptation local communities local knowledge lockdown locomotion Locomotion compensator locomotory behaviour locust locust control Locustana pardalina locusts logging logging concessions logistic regression long-distance migration long-distance nocturnal migration long-range hearing longevity loose smut loss low grade heat Low input production low-income countries lowland Lowlands lufenuron Luminex lure lure longevity lure optimisation lure-and-kill lures Lyapunov function Lycopersicon Lycopersicon esculentum Lygocoris pabulinus Lygus bugs Lygus lineolaris Lygus pratensis Lygus rugulipennis lymphatic filariasis lysine Lévy flights M molecular form M. fallax M. haemolytica M. natalensis Macaque machine learning Macronutrients macropore flow Macroporosity magpie maintenance Maize maize field maize streak maize streak disease Maize streak virus malaise malaria malaria and mosquito malaria and mosquitoes malaria parasite malaria vector malaria vector surveillance malaria vectors malaria-plasmodium falciparum malarial mosquito Malawi Malaysia male sex pheromone Mali Maluku Malus mammalian toxicity management management implications management intervention management of diseases management programs Manihot Manihot esculenta Manihot esculenta Cassava brown streak disease Cassava mosaic disease Virus indexing Virus diagnosis manure Map mapping mapping indicator species maps Marche Region marches margin vegetation marigold marker validation Markers market marketing markets Maruca vitrata Mass estimation Mass migrations of insects mass production biopesticides mass screening mass spectrometry mass trapping mastomy Mastomys Mastomys natalensis mastomys-natalensis mathematical model Mathematical modeling Mathematical modelling mathematical models Mating mating behaviour mating compatibility mating disruption mating swarm Mating swarms mating type Matlab matric potentials mautam MAXENT maximal biomass expectation maximum residue level maximum sustainable yield mean first passage time mechanical weed control mechanical weeders media coverage medical and veterinary importance medical risk factors medication medicinal plants medium factor optimization Megalurothrips sjostedti Melanogaster Melitaea cinxia melocanna bamboo masting meloid blister beetle Meloidogyne chitwoodi Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne javanica memory Coffea Mentha satureioides meso-carnivore meta microbiome meta-analysis meta-population metabolic based insecticide resistance metabolic disesae metabolism metabolites metabolomics metabotyping metacommunity metapopulation Metarhizium Metarhizium acridum Metaviridae meteorological conditions Methane oxidation methodology methods methods and techniques Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate methyl bromide Methyl salicylate Methyl-butenol Mg mice micro-CT microbial communities Microbial control microbial indicators microbiology microbiome microbiota Microfilarial prevalence micronutrients microplastic pollution Microplitis similis microsatellite DNA microsatellite markers microsatellites Microscopic agglutination test Microsporidia Middle East middle niger valley midge blight midgut Migrant insects migrant pests Migrant services and disservices Migrating animals migration migration flight behaviour migration rates Migration routes Migration strategies migration syndrome migratory pest migratory potential millet millet head miner millet stem borer mineral content mineralisation minerals mini-rhizotron root minirhizotron Minirhizotrons Mirid mirid damage Miridae Miscanthus missing climate data missing data mistletoe Mites mitigation mitochondria mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI)DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial genome Mitochondrial phylogenetic groups mitochondrial respiration mitogenome mitosis inhibitors mixed infections mixed response curve mixta Mmethyl salicylate mobile genetic elements mobility mode of virus transmission model model law Modeling Organic farming modelling moisture diffusion moisture ingress profile molecular molecular evolution Molecular biology molecular diversity molecular epidemiology molecular evolution molecular genetics molecular genetics (Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics) molecular markers molecular mechanism molecular mechanisms molecular phylogenetics molecular species diagnosis Molecular Targets and Activities molecular variability molluscs monarch butterfly monitoring Monochaminae Monochamus galloprovincialis monochoria vaginalis monocrop monophyly Montemys delectorum Morphological form morphology mosaic disease mosaic-virus Mosquito Mosquito augmentation Mosquito behaviour Mosquito biology mosquito control mosquito hearing mosquito larvae mosquito populations Mosquito sampling mosquito sound mosquito trap mosquito trap design mosquito vision mosquito visual behavior mosquito-borne pathogen mosquitoes moth moths moths physiology mould Mount Meru Mountain Pine Ridge Moustique movement movement ecology movement patterns Moxidectin Mozambique Ms MSV MtCO1 Mucuna mulching multi-dimensional poverty multi-disciplinary multi-objective optimisation multi-response modelling Multi-scale model multi-stakeholder multi-trophic multidimensional poverty multifractal analisys multimammate mouse Multimammate rat Multiple equilibria multiple linear regression multiple mating multiple origins multiple peaks Multiple pesticide applications Multiple Regressions Multiple stressors multiple threats multiplex multiplex PCR Multiresidue analysis multiscale model Multispectral imaging Multitrophic interactions multivariate analysis Mus Mus musculus Musa spp. music Musical performance Musical register musique mutualisms Myanmar mycology mycorrhizae mycorrhizal association Mycorrhizas Mycosphaerella dearnessii mycotoxicology system mycotoxin mycotoxins Myrcenone mythimna separata (walker) Myzus persicae myzus-persicae homoptera N supply N use efficiency n56 dimensional hypervolume nagana to cattle Nam Dam Namibia nanopore nanopore sequencing nanotechnology NAO Narcissus narrow row spacing NASPOT 11 sweet potato cultivar (Tomulabula) Native tobacco natural capital assessment natural disaster natural enemies natural enemy natural pest regulation natural product natural resource management natural resources Natural Resources Institute nature-based solutions nature’s contribution to people NBS NDVI nectar nectar and pollen chemistry nectar chemicals nectar chemistry Nectar larceny Nectar toxin nectria needles neglected disease Neglected disease in Africa neighbourhood diversity Nematicidal nematodes neonicotinoid NEPAD Nepal NERICA NERICA rice cultivars NERICA rice varieties Nesidiocoris tenuis nest nested-PCR net benefit net income Network network analysis neural-motor activity neutral traits New Delhi virus New pest New Rice for Africa (NERICA) newcastle disease newly reported cases next-generation sequencing Nghe An Nghi Loc NGS Nicaragua niche Nicholson-Bailey model Nicotiana Nicotiana africana nicotiana tabacum nicotine Nigeria Nilaparvata lugens nilaparvata-lugens stal nimbacris Nipah virus nitrogen Nitrogen accumulation Nitrogen depleted environment nitrogen mineralisation nitrogen mineralization nitrogen retention Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrous oxide nivea NMR no till no tillage no-till noctuid moths Noctuidae nocturnal nocturnal boundary layer non-crop vegetation non-farm Non-food crops Non-overlapping generation non-pharmaceutical interventions non-target birds and reptiles non-target host non-target organisms non-target species non-toxic Jatropha nonlinear control action Nonlinear control · Poincarémap · Order-1 periodic solution · Global stability · Pest control nonlinear feedback control Nonlinear impulsive nonlinear pulse nonlinear system nonsmooth predator–prey model Nontrivial periodic solution norisoprenoids normalized mutual information Norway rat Norway spruce Nosema Nosema bombi novel indicators NRI Radar Entomology Unit nthonomus rubi nucleopolyhedrovirus nucleotide-sequence Nusa Tenggara Nutrient accumulation Nutrient acquisition strategies nutrient balance Nutrient concentration nutrient contents nutrient provision nutrient recycling nutrient stocks nutrients nutrition nutritional content nutritional functioning nutritional physiology O. glaberrima O. sativa obituary Occupational disease occurrence octenols octopoid odour odour bait odour baits odour-baited insecticide odour-mediated orientation odours Oedaleus asiaticus oedaleus senegalensis off-season offspring quality oil oil crops oil palm oil palm plantations old world bollworm olfaction olfactometer olfactometry On-farm study Onchocerca Onchocerca volvulus onchocerciasis onchocerciasis control program Onchocerciasis vectors One Health onion onions oomycete Ootheca spp. Ophiostomales Optical mapping Optimal bait optimal control Optimal foraging theory Optimal harvesting policy Optimal oviposition theory optimal search strategy optimal searching strategy optimal strategy optimal threshold density optimum timing Optomotor responses oral bacteria oral microbiome oral toxicity orange-fleshed cultivars orangutan order-k periodic solution Organ size organic organic acids organic amendments organic farming organic fertilisers organic manure Organic matter inputs organophosphate pesticides organophosphate sprays oriental armyworm Oriental Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen 1835) orientation orientation behaviour orientation cue Orientation cues orius strigicollis ornamental croton ornamental plant quality ornamental tree ornithology Orobanchaceae orobanche orphan crops orthochtha orthoptera oryctes Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Oryza sativa L Oryza sativa L. Oryza spp. osmoregulation osteogenesis Osyris lanceolata Oum Hadjer outbreak outbreak frequency outbreak peaking times outbreaks overseas development overyielding Ovipositing vectors Oviposition oviposition behaviour oviposition deterrent owls OXFAM Oxford nanopore oxidative stress P. multocida Pacific Pacific biosciences painted lady butterfly Pakistan PAL1 palladium-catalysed coupling palm oil pamacris pandemic pandemic A/H1N1 influenza Panel traps pangenome Pantala flavescens Paradox Paraguay pararetroviruses parasite loads parasite plug parasites parasitic diseases parasitic plant Parasitic plants parasitic weed parasitic weed species parasitic weeds parasitoid parasitoids parasitology Parity rates parous rates Parrot trade parthenium weed partial root drying participation Participatory approaches participatory plant breeding participatory plant-breeding participatory research particle board particulate tracer passerine passerines pastoral pastoralism pastures pathogen Pathogenic fungi pathogenicity Pathogenicity of plant pathogens pathogens pathology pathotype pattern recognition receptors patterns payment for environmental services PCA PCR PCR detection PCR-RFLP Pea pea moth pearl millet Peat alternatives peatland peatland fire pedestrian migration perceived disease risk factors perceptual distinctiveness percolation theory perennial plants performance performance differences among MED populations performative synthesis pergularia Feeding deterrence Spodoptera Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae peri-urban Perillaldehyde periodontitis peritrophic membrane permanent grassland Persistence persistence and partial extinction persistent and non-persistent viruses persistently transmitted virus personal protective equipment perturbed system Peru forest pest pest control pest free periodic solution Pest management pest monitoring pest regulation pest resistance pest risk assessment pest rodent pest rodents pest-free periodic solution pest-natural enemy system Pesticidal plants pesticidal plan pesticidal plant pesticidal plants pesticide Pesticide application frequency Pesticide application period pesticide industry pesticide laboratory pesticide legislation pesticide residues Pesticide switches Pesticide switching pesticide testing pesticides pestiferous slug Pests pests and disease pet-trade Peter Jones pH phago-stimulation phagodeterrents pharmacies pharmacognosy Phascolarctos cinereus Phase change phase polyphenism phase set phaseolus vulgaris Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Phenology phenols phenotypic correlation phenotypic diversity phenotypic integration phenotypic selection Pheromone pheromone blend pheromone plumes pheromone trap pheromone traps pheromones Philippines phloem sap Phoenix dactylifera phoneme articulation phonotaxis phophorus deficiency phoresy phosphate rock phosphate sorption phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphogypsum phospholipids phosphorous sorption phosphorus phosphorus requirement photosynthesis phylogenetic phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic characterization Phylogenetic tree phylogenetics phylogenomics phylogeny Phylogeography Physical Map physiology phytoasnitary Phytochemical phytochemicals phytochemistry phytoene phytoene desaturase Phytophthora phytosanitary organizations phytosterol biosynthesis phytosterol diversity Picea abies piece-wise epidemic model pigeon pigeonpea pine Pine sawyer Pine wilt disease Pine wilt disease • Pine wood nematode Pine wood nematode Pineapple Pinus brutia Pinus caribaea Pinus nigra Pinus oocarpa Pinus pinea Pinus sylvestris pitch plague plague bacillus plagues planar impulsive semi-dynamical system planetary boundaries planetary health plant Plant funcional traits Plant growth management plant available water plant biodiversity plant bioprospecting plant competition plant damage plant defence plant density plant disease plant ecology plant growth promoting bacteria plant health plant hormones plant leaf chemistry plant nutrition plant pathogen Plant pathology plant pest plant pre-breeding plant secondary metabolites plant secondary metabolite plant secondary metabolites plant species richness Plant tolerance plant topography plant type plant virus Plant volatiles plant-herbivore interactions plant-insect interaction plant-insect interactions plant-microbe 55 interactions plant-microbe interactions plant-pathogen plant-pollinator interactions plant-virus planther bivore–pollinator Planthopper risk prediction planting material plantpollinator interactions plants plant–microbe interactions plant–pollinator signalling plant–virus–vector interaction Plasmodium Plasmodium falciparum plasmodium induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Plasmodium knowlesi ploceus weaver ploughing operations plumage coloration Plutella xylostella Poaceae poaching pod borer pod borers Poecilotheria Poincare map Poincar´e map Poincaré map Poland polar auxin transport Polarization pattern policies policy policy discourse policy evaluation pollen pollen chemistry pollen germination pollen nutrient pollen nutrition pollinating insect pollination Pollination ecology pollination syndrome pollinator pollinator assemblages pollinator community Pollinator decline pollinator diversity pollinator health pollinator shifts pollinator specialization pollinator-pathogen interactions Pollinators Polygalaceae polygenic Polymerase polymerase chain reaction polyphagy polyphenism polyploid polyploidy pongo Pongo pygmaeus poor population population differentiation population dynamics Population ecology population genetic-structure population genetics population genetics (population studies) population model population replacement population resequencing population size pore connectivity pore network poricidal flower Portfolio selection Portiera positive periodic solution Brouwer’s fixed point theorem positive selection pospiviroid post-attachment resistance post-growth post-harvest Post-harvest entomology Post-harvest grain post-harvest loss post-harvest losses post-harvest pest management post-invasion evolution postharvest postharvest loss postharvest losses postharvest pest management potassium potential conductivity potyvirus poultry poultry diseases poultry production constraints poultry vaccine Poverty poverty alleviation poverty reduction poverty traps pre-harvest precipitation predation Predation risk predator predator – prey dynamics Predators predator–prey model Predator–prey system prediction predictive breeding preference preferential pathways pregnancy loss prenatal mortality preservation pressure prevalence prevention and control prevention and control strategy preventive weed management primary animal health care primary benefit primary metabolism primary parasitoids primary production primary yeast Priming private investment private sector probabilistic graphical modeling probabilistic modelling process commodity matrix process quality management processing production production technology productivity profit profitability program evaluation project evaluation project prioritisation promastigote propagation propulsion Prostate cancer Prostephanus Prostephanus truncates Prostephanus truncatus protected areas protein proximal remote sensing pruning Pseudomonas Pseudoviridae Psittacus erithacus psychophysics public engagement public health public opinion‬ public-based surveys PUFA supplementation pulp pulse pulse perturbation Pulse spraying pulse vaccination pulsed therapy pumpkin plants purification PVC-resin formulation PVY PYMV Pyralidae Pyrethroid Pyrethroids pyrethrum Pyrolysis Pythium spp. qPCR qRT-PCR QTL qualitative cost benefit analysis quality quality control quantitative genetics Quantitative real–time PCR quantitative trait loci (QTLs) Quantum yield quarantine Quast queen bee acid quelea quelea bird Quelea quelea Quelea quelea L. Quercus sp. quinestrol R package rabi cropping Rabies race race structure RAD-Seq radar radar aeroecology Radar cross-section radar entomology radio tracking radio-chemotherapy response curve radiocarbon raga Rain fed rice Rain-fed agriculture rain-fed lowland rain-fed lowland rice Rain-fed lowland. Oryza sativa Rain-fed rice Rainfall rainfed cropping rainfed lowland Rainfed rice Rainforest Alliance Rana automated monitoring Random forest random perturbation random perturbations RangeShifter 2.0 ranking RAPD-PCR Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) rapid diagnosis Rapid diagnostics rapid frequency modulation rapid frequency modulation behaviour rapid rural appraisal raspberry raspberry cane midge Rat rate constant rats Rattus rattus argentiventer Rattus rattus rattus spp rattus tanezumi RatZooMan Project Re-sequencing reaction norm reaction scheme Real-time real-time PCR reciprocal crossing Recombinant Inbred Line recombinase polymerase amplification Recombination Recombination Bin Recombination Hotspot Recombination Map reconstruction of missing data recording recovery planning recruitment red core red light Red-billed Quelea REDD Reference Cultivar Reference Genome Reference Genome Sequence reflectance spectra refuge registration regulated deficit irrigation regulating ecosystem services regulation reinforcement reintroduction relative humidity Relative yield loss release calls release rate remediation remote sensing remote sensing imagery repellency repellents replanting reproduction reproduction number reproductive compatibility Reproductive development Reproductive isolation reproductive parameters reproductive senescence Republic research research impact research policy Research uptake researcher-bred variety NASPOT 1 residual effect of pesticide residual effects of pesticides residual value residue cover residue laboratory Residue management residues resilience resistance resistance mechanisms resistance screening resource limitation resource pulse resource use Resource use efficiency resources respiration respiratory disease respiratory illness respiratory infection respirometry Resseliella theobaldi retailers retrotransposable elements Retroviridae Reverse transcriptase recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) Reverse-transcribing viruses Reversion review Rhabdomys dilectus Rhamphicarpa Rhamphicarpa fistulosa rhizome Rhizotron Rhizotrons Rhodesian sleeping sickness Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum rhopalomyia longicauda rhopalosiphum-padi homoptera Rhyzopertha dominica Ribes nigrum rice rice blast rice brown planthopper rice cropping rice cultivation rice husk biochar rice marketing Rice pests rice production rice stem borer rice tungro disease rice tungro virus rice tungro virus disease Rice vampire weed Rice Vampireweed Rice varieties Ricker equation ricker model Rickettsia ripcord risk risk assessment risk management risk of failure risk perception rites river blindness river discharges RNA RNA interference RNA-Seq Roaming behavior Roche 454 rodent rodent pests rodent control rodent damage rodent ecology rodent management rodent outbreak rodent pest rodent pests Rodent-borne zoonosis rodent-human interactions rodenticide rodents Rolf Garms Rolling circle amplification rolling-circle amplification Romania root root aphids Root biomass distribution root biome Root carbon inputs Root carbon:nitrogen ratio root damage root distribution root knot nematode root latex root parasitic weed root systems root to shoot communication Root turn over root volatiles root-knot nematodes root-shoot communication root-soil contact rootstock ROS: Nrf2 signaling rotenoids Rothamsted suction trap roundtable on sustainable palm oil (RSPO) RSPB RT-LAMP RT-PCR RT‐qPCR rubber Rubus Runs on medical resources rural rural areas rural development rural livelihoods Rural poor RUSLE GIS Rwanda RxLR S)-2 S. hermonthica Sabah Saccostomus sacred lakes Sadness safe movement safety Sahel sahelian grasshopper Sahlbergella singularis Sainfoin salicin saliva Salmonella (Typhimurium) sampling Sand flies sand fly sap-feeding insect Sapindaceae saponins Sapotaceae SARS SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant satellite saturated hydraulic conductivity savanna Savannah strain scalefree Schistocerca gregaria science-art Scirpophaga incertulas screening screwworm Scutelleridae seafood seasonal abundance seasonal cycles seasonal environments seasonal food deficits seasonal migration seasonal poverty traps seaweed seaweed biochar Secondary growth secondary benefit Secondary compounds secondary metabolite secondary metabolites secondary outbreak secondary plant compounds secondary symbiont secondary yeast secreted in xylem secreted in xylem (SIX) secretory gel section securidaca Securidaca longepedunculata sedges seed seed bank seed germination seed production seed sector seed systems Seedlings Segregating population selection selection criteria semi-arid semi-parametric semi-stochastic simulation Seminar roots semiochemical semiochemical trap semiochemicals senegalese grasshopper sensitive questions sensitivity analysis sensor sensory coding sensory ecology Sensory Systems sensory-neural response sentinel animals Sequence sequence alignment Sequence diversity Sequencing Serengeti Serine recombinase serology serotype serotype diversity services Servosphere Sesamia inferens Sesquiterpenes set-aside SeVg expression sex attractant sex pheromone sex recognition sexual recognition shabacris shade coffee Shade-trees shaded coffee Shannon diversity index sheep shelf-life Shipping shipping climate change trade Shipping emissions Shipping scenarios Short-term forecast sialidase Sideroxylon foetidissimum Sideroxylon foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri Sierra Leone signalling significant events Simple Sequence Repeat markers simplex design simulation model simulations Simuliidae Simulium Simulium damnosum Simulium damnosum (s.l.) Simulium damnosum (sensu lato) Simulium damnosum complex Simulium damnosum s.l. Simulium equinum Simulium lineatum Simulium ornatum Simulium sanctipauli Simulium sirbanum Simulium soubrense Simulium spp. vectors Simulium squamosum Simulium squamosum E simulium yahense Singing singing quality assessment Singing synthesis singing voice single cell single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single nucleotide polymorphisms Single sensillum recording Siphoninus phillyrae SIR SIR model SIRV SIT site selection preference site variation Sitophilus Sitophilus oryzae Sitophilus zeamais SIX2 slash-and-burn slaughterhouses SLCMV sleeping sickness Sliding bifurcation sludge slugs Small mammals small scale farmers small-scale farmers small-scale farming Small-spored Alternaria smallholder smallholder coffee farmers smallholder farmer smallholder farmers Smallholder farming smallholder farming systems smallholders Smart biochar smart trap smoke smoked fish smoking Snapdragon social change social equity social network analysis Social Upgrading social-ecological socio-economic sogatella-furcifera hemiptera SOI soil soil aeration soil and water conservation soil assessment soil biological properties soil carbon sequestration soil characteristics soil classification soil conservation soil cover Soil degradation Soil disturbance intensity soil dynamics soil ecology soil erosion soil fertility soil fertility and nutrient cycling soil flooding soil improving cropping systems soil indicator soil management soil microbiota soil moisture soil organic carbon soil pH soil pollution Soil protection soil quality soil remediation soil specific surface area soil structure soil suites Soil tomography Soil types soil water Soil water deficits solanum incanum Solanum lycopersicum solanum tuberosum Solidity sommunity-based forest management Songbirds Sorex antinorii Sorghum Sorghum bicolor sorption sorption isotherm souna sound Sound computing sound directivity Sound pitch sound recordings sound sensitivity sound sensor sound trap sounds source area NDVI source sinks South Africa south asia Southeast Asia southern Africa southern Britain Spain sparrow spatial autocorrelation spatial ecology spatial econometric spatial epidemiology spatial heterogeneity spatial matching spatial or time-series spatial prioritization spatial repellents spatial simulation spatial variation spatially explicit spatially explicit model spatial‐temporal variation spatio-temporal analysis speciality coffee specialization Specialized pollinators specialty coffee speciation species species coexistence species complex species composition species demarcation species distributional shift species prevalence species recognition species response curve species response curves species richness species traits species-specific cues spectral analysis spectral coherence spectral reflectance speech synthesis Sphaerotheca macularis Sphenostysis stenocarpa Spiderhunter spikelet fertility Spikelet sterility split-root spodoptera Spodoptera exempta spodoptera exigua spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera litura (F.) spoilage spores Spotted Bollworm spotted wilt virus spotted wing drosophila spray cycle spraying SpvB protein homolog squash-blot SRI Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus SSA1 SSA1-SG1 SSA1-SG3 SSA3 SSR markers stability stable fly stable isotopes Stable switching transient stabling stack burn staffing stand productivity staple food starling state-dependent feedback control stationary distribution statistics Steatomys stem base damage stem cell differentiation stemborers step-by-step NPI release strategy sterolomics sterols sticky cards Sticky trap stilbenes stiriinae stochastic difference model stochastic discrete model Stochastic dynamical model Stochastic impact assessment stochastic logistic equation stochastic model Stochastic tumour-immune model Stochastic tumour-immune system stomata stomatal closure Stomatal conductance stomodeal valve Stomoxys storage storage pests storage root Storage root chemistry storage structures stored product pest Stored product pests Stored product protection stored products Stored-product protection strains stratification strawberries strawberry Strawberry blossom weevil stress stress–signalling Striga Striga asiatica Striga aspera Striga forbesii Striga hermonthica strigolactones Structural economic method structured prevention and control interruptions strychnos spinosa Stylosanthes Sub-optimal responses sub-Sahara Sub-Saharan Africa sub-Saharan Africa species sublethal effects subsidence Subsistence agriculture subsistence farmer Subsistence farmers subsistence farming subsistence livelihoods Subsoil subtropics sucrase sugarcane Sulawesi Sulfate-reducing bacteria Sumatra sun coffee sun compass Sunbird Sunbirds Suncus Sunn Pest sunspot groups super-race superabundance Supplementary Table supply supply development suppression Surface free energy surface roughness surface skimming surveillance survey Survival Survival analysis sustainability sustainability certification sustainable sustainable agricultural intensification sustainable agriculture sustainable biocontrol solutions sustainable coffee production sustainable crop management sustainable development sustainable farming sustainable farming systems sustainable land use sustainable livelihoods sustainable livestock management sustainable pest management Sustainable production sustainable rodent management Sustainable Trade sustainable uses of plants sustainable water use and management suzukii swarm Swarming swarms swartzia Swaziland sweet itch sweet potato sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus sweet potato leaf curl virus sweet potato reversion sweet potato virus sweet potato weevils Sweetpotato sweetpotato breeding sweetpotato cultivar sweetpotato seed systems sweetpotato virus disease Sweetpotato weevil swine switch-like transition swollen shoot virus Symbiont symbiosis Symbiotic N2 fixation sympatric wildlife synergism synergistic interaction synergy synomones synthesis synthetic aperture radar synthetic human odor synthèse syllabique synthèse vocale syrphidae System diagnostics System of Rice Intensification Systems São Tomé and Príncipe T. gondii tabaci gennadius hemiptera Tabebuia rosea tabora tactic Tadarida brasiliensis taeniid eggs Tagetes erecta take off tannic acid Tanzania Tapanuli orangutan TaqMan assays Taraxacum officinale targets tarnished plant bug Tau-fluvalinate taxis taxonomic changes taxonomy TE annotation teabag index tebuconazole technique technology technology transfer telecoupling telemetry Telenomus busseolae Gahan temperature Temperature and rainfall variability temperature inversion temperature inversions temporal change Tephrosia Tephrosia candida tephrosia vogelii Teretrius nigrescens Terminalia amazonia termite terpenoid terpenoids Tetanocera elata Thames the Bahamas The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Theobroma cacao Theobroma cocoa Theraphosidae. Sri Lanka thermal thermal acclimation thermal breadth thermotolerance Thjileria Parva THP-1 cells threats threshold Threshold condition Threshold dynamics threshold policy Thrips Thysanoptera tick control tillage tillering timber pest timber plantations Time series time-lags Tithonia TMTT tobacco beetle tobacco moth Togo ToLCBV-[Ban4] ToLCV-[Ban4] tolerance tomato tomato leaf curl tomato leaf curl virus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tomography tools Tortricidae toxic nectar Toxicity toxicology toxin toxins toxoplasmosis tracking quarantine measures Trackit trade trade policy trade regulation trade structures trade-off trade-offs traditional food traditional knowledge traditional variety training trait-based trajectory trans-disciplinary transcriptome transcriptome analysis transcriptome assembly Transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations transcritical bifurcation transfer transgenes transgenic resistance transgressive traits translocation transmission transmission hotspots transmission model transpiration stream transposable elements transposons trap trapping Trapping bias traps treatment treatment resistance tree crops Tree diversity tree domestication tree identification tree species trees Triatoma infestans tribe Swartzieae trichromacy Trifolium pratense triglyceride triglycerides Trimmomatic trinity triterpenoid saponins Triticum aestivum tritrophic interactions tropic tropical tropical agriculture tropical alpine ecosystems tropical climate Tropical crop tropical deforestation tropical forest tropical forest management tropical hardwoods tropical land use tropical rainforest tropics truce Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosoma brucei s.l. Trypanosomatid trypanosomatidae trypanosomatids trypanosome trypanosomiasis trypanosomiasis control tsetse tsetse attractant tsetse control Tsetse flies tsetse fly tuber tubers tumour Tumour cell Tumour-immune model tungro-associated viruses tungro-bacilliform virus turbophoretic model turbulence Turbulence directionality cues TYLCV TYLCV-Is type III effectors Tyto alba U.K UCBSV Uganda Ugandan cassava brown streak virus Ugandan National Sweetpotato Program (UNSP) UK ultra narrow row ULV insecticides ULV spraying UN sustainable development goals uncertainty uncultivated uncultivated bacteria uncultured undamaged yield understorey uniform persistence Union Medal uniqueness United Kingdom upland Upland rice urban beekeeping Urban ecology urban ecosystems urban green space urban rodent survey Urban water urbanization Usutu virus Utilization Distribution UV protection UV reflectance vaccination vaccination strategy vaccine vaccine development Vaccinium validation value chains VAMP2 Vanessa cardui vanillin Vanuatu variances varietal attributes varietal improvement varieties Varroa mite vascular development VCG Vector Vector abundance vector behaviour vector behaviour modification Vector biology vector control vector ecology vector performance vector surveillance vector transmission Vector-borne disease vector-borne diseases vector-mediated transmission vectorial capacity vectors Vectors Arbovirus vegetable vegetables vegetation venturia inaequalis genome Vernonia vernonia amygdalina vertebrate pests vertical-looking radar vessel lumen fraction vessel number vessel size veterinary epidemiology veterinary profession vibrational signals video analysis Vietnam Vigna unguiculata village chicken village chickens village planning vine weevil Violet-tailed sunbird viral sequences Viroid virology virtual choir virulence virulence-pathogen Virus virus detection virus detection and quantification virus diagnostics virus disease epidemiology virus emergence virus evolution virus host range virus infection virus isolates virus resistance virus retention Virus transmission virus tropism virus vector virus-specific primers virus-vector relationships viruses Vision visual visual cues visual responses vitamin vitamin A vitamin A deficiencies vitamin C Vitis vinifera voice voice perception voice synthesis volatile compounds volatile organic compound volatiles Volterra’s principle volunteers W-band warming Warsaw wasp flower waste management waste valorization water cloud model water conservation water harnessing Water management water pollution Water productivity water relations Water repellency water supply Water vapour sorption isotherms Water-saving waterbirds WDV weather weather conditions weather surveillance radar web application weed weed abundance weed biology Weed competition weed control weed control. herbicide tolerant rice weed ecology Weed infestation weed management weed suppression Weed suppressive ability (WSA) Weed-suppressive ability weeders weeding weeds weevil Weight gain weight loss welfare Wellbeing West Africa West Nile Virus Western Kenya Western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system Wetlands WGS wheat wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genome sequence wheat yields and production white-backed planthopper whiteflies whitefly Whitefly . Tomato leaf curl virus . Arsenophonus . Wolbachia . qRT-PCR whitefly cDNA library Whitefly complex whitefly invasion whitefly resistance whitefly species whitefly vector whitefly-transmitted crinivirus whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses whitefly-transmitted viruses whiteflyacquisition Whitefy WHO Wicked problems widowbird wild cabbage wild plant pollinator wildlife wildlife interface wildlife management wildlife–livestock–human interface willingness to pay wilt wind Wind transport Windborne insect migration windborne migration windborne migration of African malaria vectors wing polymorphism wing-beat wingless arthropods winter annual witchcraft witchweed within-family transmission Wittig reaction WNV Wolbachia Wolbachia dengue fever Aedes mosquitoes Wolbachia phages Women wood density woodchipping woodland woodwool woodwool manufacture World Health world trade wound healing X-band X-ray computed tomography Xanthium strumarium Xanthomonas citri [=X. axonopodis] pv. citri xciomyzidae xenocymochtha xerophlaeoba Xestobium rufovillosum xylem xylem sap xylem sapwood Xylotrechus arvicola Xylotrechus quadripes Yam yam (Dioscorea spp.) badnaviruses Yam mosaic virus yeast yeast two hybrid assay yeild benefits yellow dwarf virus yellow mosaic virus yellow mottle disease yellow mottle virus yellow stemborer yellow vein mosaic virus yellow-dwarf-virus Yersinia Yersinia pestis Yield Yield gap yield loss Yield related traits yield response Yield sensitivity yield variability YMV Yucatan peninsula Z Z)- and (E Z)-3 Z)-4 Z)-6 Zambazia Zambia Zanha africana Zanzibar zea mays zero burning zeylenol Zika Zimbabwe Zingiberaceae zonocerus variegatus Zoology zoonoses Zoonosis Zoonotic disease zoonotic infections zoophagic zoophilic zooprophylaxis ZYMV épistémologie α-amylase β-carotene epoxides β-tubulin gene sequence ‬policy support flight altitude