'NASPOT 11' (2R (2S (3Z • 6Z • 9Z)-heneicosatriene (3Z • 6Z)-cis-9 (E (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (R)-2-nonyl butyrate (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone (S (S )-2-hydroxy-3-decanone (Z (Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene (Z)-7-Pentadecene (Z)-8-Heptadecene 10- 10-epoxyheneicosadiene 11-tetradecadienyl acetate 12 15-pentacosapentaene 15N natural abundance method 16SrRNA 2 2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol 2-acetoxy-5-undecanone 2-acetoxyundecane 2-arylbenzofurans 2-undecanol 2-undecanone 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 3 dihydroxyoctane 3-hydroxy-2-decanone 3d 3D motion tracking 3D tracking 4-D 4-methylguaiacol 4p1000 6 8Z)-2-acetoxy-8-heptadecene 8Z)-2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene(2S 8Z)-8-heptadecen-2-ol 9 9-nonadecadiene a-pinene A. corpulentus A. gallagheri A. guineensis A. importunus A. mitchelli A. sciangallorum A. socotrensis A/H1N1influenza AB SOLiD ABA ABA-GE Abiotic stress above-ground store Aboveground biomass abscisic acid absence of surface water Acacia cyanophylla acaricidal efficacy acclimation Acetaldehyde Acetylcholinesterase Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Acomys Aconitum acoustic behaviour acoustic communication acoustic distortion Acoustical Ecology acoustics acquisition acridae acrididae acridinae acromyrmex Actellic Super Dust Action research Activity rhythms Actographs Acyrthosiphon pisum Adaptation adaptive behaviour adaptive capacity adaptive resource management adoption and dissemination or diffusion of technology adventitious roots advertisement calls Aedes Aegilops tauschii aerial migration aerial sampling aerial sampling of mosquitoes aerial spraying aerial trapping Aerial trapping studies aerobiology aeroecology aerosol insecticide Aethomys Africa African agriculture African armyworm African Barred Owlet African crop pests African farming African horse sickness african soil African Trypanosomiasis African wild yobacco African Yam Bean age structure Ageratum conyzoides Ageratum yellow vein virus (AJ810825) Aggregate distribution aggregation pheromone Agri-environmental monitoring agricultural development agricultural extension services agricultural fields agricultural innovation systems (AIS) agricultural intensification Agricultural management agricultural pests and plant-virus disease vectors agricultural planning agricultural productivity agricultural research Agricultural research for development (AR4D) agricultural technology Agriculture agro-ecological intensification agro-ecosystems agro-pastoralism agrochemical agrochemicals Agroecology agroforest Agroforestry agroforestry systems agromorphological trait agronomy agropastoralism agropastoralists Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis segetum agrovet agro‐ecological intensification air entrainment air flow air particle velocity Air pollution · Stochastic differential equation · Change point · Respiratory infection · Intervention measures alata alder Alectra Aleyrodes lonicerae Aleyrodes proletella Aleyrodidae alkaloid alkaloid content Herbivory alkaloids alla allelopathy Allochronic speciation allomones almost periodic solution Alnus orientalis Alphabaculovirus alpine flowers Alternaria gaisen Alternaria mali Alternate wetting and drying Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) Alternative treatment strategy aman rice AMF amitermes AMOVA aMPV amr An. arabiensis An. coluzzii (M form) An. gambiae s.s. Anabasine analysis analytic network process and analysis and processing of musical sounds anemohoria anemohydrochoria angiosperms animal animal health animal husbandry animal migration animal orientation strategies animal tracking Annobón Annual crop Annual transmission potential Anobiidae Anopheles Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles balabacensis Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles donaldi Anopheles gambiae Anopheles gambiae (S form) Anopheles gambiae s.s Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato Anopheles mosquito Anopheles mosquitoes Anopheles quadriannulatus Anoplophora glabripennis ant anthesis Anthodiaeta Anthonomus rubi anthropocentrisme anthropogenic climate change anthropophilic antibacterial antibiotic antibiotic resistance antifungal antileishmanial activity antimicrobial resistance aphid aphid sitobion-avenae aphid-transmitted potyvirus aphidius colemani aphids aphids flight behaviour Aphis fabae apis mellifera APOC Apoidea Apolygus lucorum apple black spot apple canker apple scab application aquatic animals aquatic insects Aqueous extracts aqueous fruit extracts aqueous plant extracts Arabia Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thaliana Araneae ARISA armyworm armyworm moth arrestant arrestment Arsenophonus art-science Artemisia Artemisia annua Artemisinin arthropods artificial diet artificial soil Arvicanthis Arvicanthis niloticus Arylbenzofuran ascospore production ash Asia Asian asparagus Assess assessment assessment methods assessment mothodology assessment technique asset dynamics Asuncion Atmospheric Turbulence Atmospheric circulation atmospheric dispersal atmospheric dispersion models atmospheric transport attractant attractant baits Attractants attracticide attraction attractor AUC Auchenorrhyncha augmentation Augmentation order Augmentation quantity Augmentation times autocovariate logistic Autographa gamma autoSNP Average treatment effect aversion avian malaria parasites avian predation avicide avirulence avoided deforestation axillary shoot multiplication Azadirachta B value B. trehalosi BAC bacilliform virus Bacillus thuringiensis backbone Backward bifurcation Bacteria bacterial canker bacterial diversity Bacterial endosymbionts bacterial leaf blight bacterial wilt Bactericera cockerelli Baculovirus baculoviruses Badna-PCR badnavirus bagstacks bait technique baited traps baits baker's yeast BALB/c mice bamboo masting banana banana bunchy top disease banana bunchy top virus banana-streak-virus Bandicota Bandicota bengalensis bands Bangaladesh Bangladesh Barbados Barind Tract barley basal rot bats Bayesian Bayesian network models BBTV Bead array bean common mosaic potyvirus bean virus beans bee decline bee parasites Bee pathogens bee vision bees Beet armyworm begomorovirus begomovirus begomoviruses behavior behavioral ecology behavioral responses behaviour beliefs Belize Bemisia afer Bemisia after Bemisia tabaci Bemisia tabaci (B. tabaci) Bemisia tabaci whitefly species beneficial insect predators beneficiary benefit ratio benefit ratios Benin benomyl resistance benzofurans Benzyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Best Management Practices beta-glucan Betabaculovirus Betaflexiviridae Beverton-Holt equations Beverton–Holt model Bi-threshold value Biannual bibliography biconical trap Biennial bearing Bifenthrin bifurcation bioacoustics bioacoustique bioassay biochar BIOCLIM biocontrol biodiversity biodiversity conservation Bioflows biofortification biofuels biogeography bioherbicide bioherbicides Bioinformatics Bioko biological conservation Biological control biological control agents biological pesticides biological traits Biomass production Weed control Grain yield Nutrient uptake Soil organic carbon DayCent model biomechanics biometric Biopesticide biopesticides biopores Biorational pest management biosafety biosafety level biosecurity biosynthesis Biotechnology biotic factors Biotransformation biotype biotypes bird migration bird pest bird pest control bird predation bird species birds Bisabolene bishop Bistability biting flies Biting midges Biting rates black bean aphid Black Gram Husk Black Kite black Sigatoka blackcurrant blackflies blindness Blindness prevalence blood parasites blood-feeding behaviour bluetongue bluetongue virus BNG map boardmaking bobgunnia bobgunnia madagascariensis Bogong moth Bolivia Bombus Bombus impatiens Bombus terrestris Bootstrapping Bornean orangutan Borneo boron borrelia burdorferii sensu lato bostrichidae botanical extracts Botanical insecticide botanical insecticides Botanical pesticide Botanical products botanicals botany Botrytis gray mold Botswana Boundary function brasicca brassica crops Brassica oleracea Brassicas Brazil breeding breeding pattern Breteau index Brevicoryne brassicae Brindley’s gland Britain British Ornithologists' Union British Ornithologists’ Union Broad-spectrum herbicides Brood diseases broomrape brown locust Brown planthopper brown rust brown streak virus bruchid bruchid beetles bruchids Bryocoropsis laticollis Bt cotton Bt-Cotton Bt-crops Bt-proteins Bti Buchnera hispida bud break Bud weevils budgets bumblebee bumblebees Burkina Faso Bursaphelenchus xylophilus butterflies physiology Butyrylcholinesterase by-catch Bycatch BYMV Byturus tomentosus C hain reaction C. brunneus C. brunneus Fabricius C3 C4 C4 photosynthesis Ca.P. prunorum Ca.P. pyri CAAPD Cabbage Cabbage Whitefly cabbage whitefly Cacao caffeic acid ester caffeine calactin calcium ions Callosobruchus Callosobruchus maculatus calotropin Cambium Cameroon cameroon volcanic line Campesino campylobacter Canard cycle Candidatus Phytoplasma mali Canis lupus familiaris canna canned fish Canopeo Capacity building capacity building and stakeholder organisation capture–mark–recapture Carbohydrate: Protein ratio carbon Carbon budgets carbon dioxide carbon footprinting carbon sequestration carbon stocks carbon stocks modelling carbon storage cardinal temperatures Caribbean carlavirus carnivores carotenoids CART Cassava cassava brown streak disease cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) Cassava brown streak virus cassava brown streak virus disease cassava exchange cassava flour cassava mosaic cassava mosaic disease cassava mosaic virus disease cassava mosaic viruses cassava mosaic-virus cassave mosaic disease Cassia sophera casting Catch crops cattle cattle ticks cauliflower-mosaic-virus CBL CBSD CBSD and CMD CBSD resistance CBSV CBSVs CCA CDC Cecidomyiidae cell cycle Cell division Cell expansion cell size cell suspension culture cell wall 25 proteins cellular automata cement slab manufacture cement slabs cement-lined pit Central America central britain Centromere Cerambycidae Ceratopogonidae cereal aphids cereal crop Cereal crops cereals Certification Chad Change chant Chaos characteristic characteristics checklist chemical and structural analyses chemical control chemical defence Chemical defense chemical ecology Chemical weed control chemotaxonomy Chemotherapeutic dose response Chemotype chemotype 3 chemovar chicken chickens chickpea chilling Chilo polychrysa China chiral sex pheromone Chirality chlorantraniliprole chlorogenic acid chlorophyll fluorescence choice experiment cholinesterases Chromsosomes chrysanthemum gall midge Chrysoperla carnea cicadulina cicer cicer arietinum cicerfuran CIMBAA CIMMYT circadian activity Circadian rhythms cissus quadrangularis citizen science Citrus city trees CJ Atkinson class-average classification classification and regression tree Clavigralla tomentosicollis clay-lined pit Climate climate adaptation climate change climate change and variability Climate change impact climate exposure Climate factors climate forecast climate sensitivity Climate-change ecology Climatic zone Clitostethus arcuatus closed‑tube reverse transcription loop‑mediated isothermal amplification (CT-RT-LAMP) Closteroviridae Cluster analysis Cluster oscillation CMBs duplex and multiplex RT-PC CMD co-infection CO2 CO2 assimilation CO2 emission CO2 reduction coat protein gene sequences coat proteins coccidiosis Cochin Cochliomyia hominivorax cocoa Cocoa midges cocoa mirids cocoa swollen shoot disease coexistence Coffea arabica Coffea stenophylla coffee coffee agroforestry Coffee morphology coffee nectar triats coffee quality coffee white stem borer Coffee yield COI1 cold cold storage Cold stress Coleoptera coleoptera apionidae Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes Colloid transport Colloidal gold colloidal transport color space colour colour constancy colour hexagon colour models colour vision common mosaic virus communication community conservation community ecology community forest management Community forestry community surveillance community survey community-based forest management comparative genomics Compass orientation compensation Competition competitive advantage competitive system Complementarity effect Complete genome complex dynamics complexes Composite indexes compost composting and NaOH computer music conflict killing congruence coniesta ignefusalis connectivity Conopomorpha cramerella conservation Conservation agriculture conservation biological control conservation biology conservation implications conservation status constitutive and plastic expression constrained ordination constraints contact and fumigant toxicity Contact angle Container production containment contaminated environment contamination Contraceptive bait control control method Control reproduction number controlled release contrôle contrôle de l'articulation contrôle gestuel contrôle rythmique convergence convergence cross mapping Conversation Conversion Processes cooperative breeding Cordycepin Cordyceps militaris corn-rootworm coleoptera coroglaucigenin cost cost-effective protocols cost-effectiveness Cote d'Ivoire Cotinus Cotton cotton bollworm cotton cultivars cotton plant coumaric counterfactual analysis Cover crop cover crop biomass Cover crops COVID-19 COVID-19 outbreak cow dung cowpea cowpea weevil crinivirus crinkler Crioceris asparagi CRISPR/Cas9 Crithidia Crithidia bombi Critical glucose threshold crocodiles crop crop biotechnology crop breeding crop damage crop damage assessment Crop diversification crop evolution crop husbandry crop loss crop management crop pest crop pests crop production Crop protection crop protection practices Crop Protection Programme crop rotation crop suitability modeling crop virus crop wild relatives crop wild relatives (CWRs) crop yield crop yields crop-loss assessment Cropping system cropping systems crops cross-section croton (Codiaeum variegatum L croton leaf curl virus (CrLCuV) Crown rot crustaceans Cry1B/Cry1C cryptic species cryptotermes cucurbits Culex modestus Culex mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus Culicidae Culicoides cultivar cultivar variation cultivars cultivation cultural control cultured fish culturing Cumulative effect curing custodians cutworm cyanogenic glycosides Cyclin D3 cyclohexane epoxides Cylas cylas brunneus Cylas puncticollis Cylas puncticollis Boheman cynanchum Cypermethrin Cyperus difformis Cyprus cytochrome b Cytochrome oxidase cytochrome oxidase I gene Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cytochromoe oxidase I gene cytogenetics cytokinins Cytospecies distribution cytotoxic activity Czech daffodil damage damage threshold damnosum Dar es Salaam dark respiration Dasineura gleditchiae Data Envelopment Analysis database DayCent Biogeochemical modeling DDT death death-watch beetle deathwatch beetle deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Anobiidae selection behavior photo-response behavior Deathwatch beetle Xestobium rufovillosum Coleoptera Anobiidae Quercus sp. host selection behaviour chemo-orientation behaviour oviposition timber pest wood-decaying fungi Donkioporia expansa decarbonisation decentralised governance decline declining biodiversity defence mechanisms Defense deficiency deforestation Degraded land and soils deguelin delay delayed response to pesticide application deltamethrin Democratic Republic of Congo Demonax balyi Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) Dengue Dengue disease density density dependence density distribution modeling desert desert locust Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) Detection detection of endangered species Detector deterrence threshold deterrent detoxification Detoxification Enzyme detoxification pathways developing countries development development rates Development uptake dhal Diabetes diagnosis Diagnostic diagnostic assay Diagnostic studies Diagnostic Test Diagnostics Diamondback moth Diaphorina citri Dicymbe altsoni Diels–Alder adduct diet Diet breadth diet diversity difference tones Differential transmission Digital musical instrument digital musical instruments dihydroflavonol Dioscorea Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata complex Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea spp. Dioscorea yam diploid Diptera direct-seeded rice direct-seeding discrete Euler-Lagrange equation Discrete model Discrete switching system disease disease complex Disease free periodic solution disease management Disease resistance Disease spread disease vectors diseases Dispensers dispersal Dispersal distance Dispersion disruption Distantiella theobroma distortion products distribution distribution map disturbance divergence diversification diversity Djodji form DNA DNA bar-coding DNA barcoding DNA extraction DNA probes DNA satellite molecules dna substitution dna viruses dogs dolichos yellow mosaic disease domestication dormancy induction Dothideomycete Dothideomycetes Double Haploid Double hurdle model Dover Doxycycline draught animals DRC drift drift compensation Drivers of deforestation drop-catching Drosophila-santomea drought drought acclimation drought management Drought tolerance drug discovery Drug response Duality durability duranta leaf Durban dwarfing Dynamic complexity dynamic model dynamic occupancy model dynamic occupancy models dynamic range boxes dynamic threats dynamic threshold dynamics D’Arcy Thompson E e coli E)-9 EACMZV EAG early warning systems Early-morning flowering East Africa East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus East Anglia UK eastern Africa eastern province ebola EBRM Echinochloa colona echinochloa crusgalli eco-education Ecological epidemiology ecological history Ecological modelling ecological monitoring ecological niche ecological niche modelling Ecological paradox ecological resources ecological services ecologically based rodent management Ecologically-based management ecologically-based rodent management ecology economic economic analysis economic drivers economic issue economic threshold Economic Upgrading economy ecosystem ecosystem services ecosystem based adaptation Ecosystem processes ecosystem service ecosystem services ecosystem services modelling Ecosystems ecotoxicology edge-following edible fish edutainment effect Effective reproduction number Effective reproductive number effector effector genes effectors egg development egg hatching Egg laying egg parasitoids eimeria elder elderberry elderflower electric nets Electro-acoustic and electronic instruments electroantennography Electrocuting traps electromagnetic modelling electron microscopy electronic music Electrophysiology elimination ELISA embarkation behaviours Emergent Infectious disease emerging disease epidemics emerging diseases emigration emission Emissions enantiomers enantioselectivity endemic endogenous Endogenous Dioscorea bacilliform virus endogenous pararetroviral sequences (EPRVs) Endogenous pararetrovirus Endogenous pararetrovirus (EPRV) Endogenous pararetroviruses endogenous rhythm endophagic endophilic endosulfan Endosymbionts England enotyping ENSO entomological radar entomological radars entomologie entomology entomopathogenic bacteria entomopathogenic fungi entomopathogenic fungus Entomopathogenic nematodes entomopathogenic virus entomopathogens environment environment health Environmental factors environmental change environmental decision making environmental DNA environmental factors Environmental filtering environmental impact environmental perturbation environmental reservoir Environmental variables environmentally friendly pest control Ephestia elutella epidemiology epidermis epiphenomenon Episomal badnavirus Episyrphus balteatus Equatorial Guinea Equilibrium equipment list Equity Eradication and persistence Erythrina poepiggiana escherichia coli Espiritu Santo establishment esterase estimating climate data ethanol ethers ethiopia ethno-ecology ethnobotanicals Ethnobotany Ethnomusicology Etho Vision Ethylene etymological values EU review eucalyptus Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus gomphocephala Eucalyptus grandis Eucalyptus saligna euonymus fortunei Eupeodes corolla Eupeodes corollae Euphorbia ringspot virus euprepoptera Europe european market European Union Eurygaster integriceps Evaluation Evolution evolution and adaptation evolution of dispersal evolutionary divergences existence exophagic exophilic exophily Exotic species explosions export expression extension extension services extinction Extinction and persistence extinction risk extreme eyprepocnemidinae F-statistics F2 Individual faba bean Fabaceae Facilitation Fall Armyworm Fall armyworm moth fallow land famine Farm network survey farmer Farmer Field School farmer participation farmer survey farmers Farmers’ practices farming farming planning farming practices Farming system Farming systems research Farming Systems Research (FSR) Farming systems research (FSR)Agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) fecundity Feeding behaviour fengxiao fenthion Fenvalerate fermentation fertigation fertiliser sector fertilisers fertility Fertility control fertilization fertilizer field activity Field level indicators field margin plants field margins Field performance field scale field screening field trapping fight behavior filarial nematodes filariasis Filippov model Filippov system fire fire typology fire-bombs fish fish export fish products fisheries fishing fishing time fitness costs Fitness effects five families: Caulimoviridae flagellum flavanones flavonol glycosides flavonol pentaglycosides Fledgling flight flight ability Flight altitude flight behaviour flight capacity flight orientation flight pattern flight periodicity flooding flooding stress floral attractant Floral chemistry floral colour floral communities floral handling floral initiation floral odors floral odour floral preference floral reflectance Floral rewards floral trait manipulation floral traits Flow sensing Flow sorting flower chafer flower colour flower colour database flower odor flower pigment flowering dynamics Flowerpeckers Fluorescence microspheres fodder crop Food additives food aid Food consumption food microbiology Food Science food security food-borne disease foraging foraging behavior foraging behaviour foraging flights forecast forecast verification forecasting forest forest degradation forest plantation forest policy Forest strain forestry formae speciales Formulation formulation laboratory Forsythia fractional green cover Fragaria fragaria vesca fragaria x ananassa fragmentation fragmented habitat framework France Fraxinus Free-flight free-fly free-flying mosquitoes frequency matching frequency tuning frozen fish fruit Fuel Fumigant toxicity fumigation fungal barcoding fungal metabolite fungal pathogen fungicides Fusarium basal rot Fusarium graminearum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi Fusarium wilt G. m. morsitans G. morsitans G. pallidipes Gall Galleria mellonella GAM game ranching Gammabaculovirus Gas chromatography gas chromatography-electroantennographic recording gas exchange gas flare Gaston Lagaffe geminiviridae geminivirus Geminivirus diversity geminiviruses gender Gene content variation Gene expansion gene expression Gene family Gene loss gene silencing gene x environment interaction generalized additive modelling generalized equilibrium genetic diversity genetic enhancement Genetic erosion genetic gain Genetic manipulation Genetic modification Genetic modification . Genetic engineering . Plant breeding . Food security . Disease resistance . Developing countries . Biosafety genetic variability Genome genome assembly genome diversity genome sequences Genome sequencing genome wide association studies Genome-wide Recombination genomic variation Genotype × environment interaction Genotype × environment interactions genotypes genotyping by sequencing Geo-statistics Geographic distribution geographic features geographical range Geometridae Gerbilliscus Gerbilliscus vicinus Germacrene-D Germany germination germination model germplasm gestural control gesture control GFLV Ghana Gibberella gibberellic acid GIS Giving up density Glanville fritillary Glanville fritillary butterfly Gleditsia triacanthos GLM global analysis global asymptotic stability global datasets global dynamics global stability Global Value Chains globalisation Glossina Glossina fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) Glossina fuscipes spp. Glossina morsitans Glossina morsitans centralis Glossina morsitans morsitans Glossina pallidipes Glossina palpalis Glossina palpalis gambiensis Glossina spp glottal flow model Glucose infusion Glucose-insulin system Glufosinate glutathione S-transferase Glyphosate GM cotton gm foods GM plant GMO gomphocarpus Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) good agricultural practices gossypol gra- phic tablet graduation graft union grain Grain filling grain harvest grain loss Grain protein concentration Grain quality grain storage Grain storage losses grain store grain yield grain-eating birds Granddaughters Grandlure I Grandlure II Granger test granivory Granulovirus Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) Graphiurus grass grass weed grasshopper grasshoppes Grayanoid diterpene grayanotoxin grayanotoxins Green darner dragonfly green lacewings green revolution green trap color greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gas intensity Greenhouse gas mitigation Greenhouse gas sink Grey Parrot ground cover ground spraying groundnut rosette groundnut rosette disease growing conditions Growth Growth vigor Guatemala GUD GUI Guignardia citricarpa Gulf of Guinea gumboro disease Guyana habitat habitat association Habitat manipulation habitat use Habitat Utilization habitats HACCP Haematophagous blackflies haematophagy haemoglobin haemoparasites Hand weeding handling haplotype haplotypes harmonic radar harmonic radar tracking harvest loss harvest yield harvesters harvesting operations hauteur mélodique Hawaii health health benefits healthcare workers hearing hearing range heat Heat stress Hedydipna height Helianthus annuus Helicoverpa helicoverpa armigera Helicoverpa gelotopoeon Helicoverpa zea Heliodinidae heliothinae heliothinae classification hellula undalis helopeltis theivora helopeltis theobromae Hemiptera Hemiptera Heteroptera Hepadnaviridae herbal medicine Herbicidal herbicide resistance herbicides heteracris Heteroptera Heteroptera: Miridae Heteropteran bugs heterosis Heterozygous SNPs hexadecatrienyl acetates hexadecyl estersoctadecyl esters Hexyl butyrate HFMD hibiscus hierarchical genetic structure high altitude flight High Barind Tract High night temperature high temperature high-altitude High-flying insects high-throughput high‐throughput phenotyping Hindustani classical Histeridae history Holling type II predator-prey model Holling’s disc equation home range homo-γ-bisabolene homoptera Homoptera cicadellidae Honduras hondurensis honey honey bees honey locust gall midge honeybee hordeum vulgare horizontal transmission hormone horsegram horses horticulture hospital beds host host specificity host adaptation Host age preference Host choice host decoy trap host mixture host odour host odour attractant host odours host outbreak host plant host plant resistance host plant volatiles host preference host races Host range host selection host selection behaviour host sex pheromones host specialization host stimuli Host-odours host-parasite ecology host-parasite interaction host-parasitoid model host-plant range host-plant resistance host-seeking Host-seeking vectors host-specific toxin host–microbe interactions host–parasitoid model host–parasitoid ratio house finches houses hoverfly HPLC HT rice HTS human development human African trypanosomiasis Human blood index human nutrition human well-being humid climate hunting Hutan Desa hybridisation hybrids hydraulic conductivity hydrology hydropower hydroxycinnamic acid hydroxycinnamic acid esters hyperparasitoids Hypsipyla grandella I gene IBV ICT ICTV report and caulimoviridae identification iil palm Illumina Image analysis Imidazolinone immunocompetence Immunosorbent electron microscopy immunotherapy Impact impact assessment impact evaluation imperata cyclindrica imperata cylindrica imprecise Lévy-flight improved cassava varieties impulse impulsive chemostat model impulsive difference equations impulsive harvesting impulsive set impulsive single-species model in situ conservation In vitro In vitro culture in vitro regeneration In vivo in-vitro Inaugural lecture incidence income income generation incongruence incursion India Indian Jatropha Mosaic Disease Indian subcontinent indicator species indigenous indigenous chickens indigenous communities Indigenous knowledge indigenous rights indirect transmission indirect transmission Indonesia induced resistance industrial agriculture industrial plantations Infants infection infection control practices infectious clone Infectious clones Infestation level Inflorescence stem Information accessibility Inga Inga laurina inheritance initial density inland valley inland valleys inner Mongolia Innovations innovative fertilisers Insect Insect hearing insect baheviour insect behaviour insect conservation insect control insect diseases insect foraging novelty aversion insect growth regulators insect hearing Insect immunity insect layer insect layering insect layers insect migrants insect migration insect monitoring insect navigation insect neurophysiology insect orientation insect pest insect pests Insect RCS Insect resistance Insect resistance management insect vector insect vectors insect vision insect-monitoring radar insect-resistant crops insecte Insecticidal Insecticidal botanicals insecticide insecticide alternatives insecticide resistance insecticide sensitivity insecticide-treated cattle insecticide-treated targets insecticides insects Insect‐plant interactions insect–plant interactions instrument de musique numérique instruments de musique numériques Insulin injection integral equation model Integrated assessment (Participatory)research methods integrated crop management integrated pest management integrated weed management Integration Inter-country comparisons interaction Interception intercropping intergenerational intergrated pest management internal control international development interspecific interspecific breeding Interspecific hybrid interspecific interactions interspecific rice Interval number Intervention Intervention timing intonation intra-household bargaining intraspecific variation Intraspecific and interspecific competition Response surface design Resource partitioning Facilitation Relative dominance Land equivalency ratio (LER) intraspecific communication intraspecific variation invasion ecology invasions Invasive Invasive Alien plants invasive plant invasive species Invasiveness IOD Ion Torrent ions IPM ipomoea Ipomoea batatas Ipomovirus Ipsdienone Ipsenol Iraq IRM irrigated lowland irrigated rice irrigated system rehabilitation irrigation irrigation development Irrigation scheduling Irrigation systems Ishtirak project islands isoflavonoid isolation by distance isomers isoptera Isothermal amplification isothermal moisture diffusion Italy ITPase Ivermectin Ivory Coast ixodes ricinus Jamaica Janzen-Connell effects japanese encephalitis-virus jasmonate Johnston’s organ Jumping plant lice Juvenile plumage behaviour Ka-band Kaempferia rotunda kairomone Kairomones Kalimantan Kalman filter kalotermitidae kappa karate karyotypes Kent Kenya Key Biodiversity Areas kinesis kinetic koala koalas Kumasi L-Ascorbic acid L. major L. tropica laboratory rearing laboratory services labour and livelihoods labour division Lagrangian stochastic models Lambda cyhalothrin Laments Lamiinae LAMP land degradation Land evaluation for coffee production land management land suitability Land use land use change Land-cover change land-use change land-use/cover changes landing Landraces landscape analysis Landscape of fear landscape planning large grain borer larger grain borer larva Larvae larval wound fluid larviciding Lasioderma serricorne Lateral-flow-immunoassay Latin America Lavandulol leaching leaf aqueous extract leaf area leaf area index leaf curl leaf curl disease leaf curl virus Leaf hairs leaf miners leaf reflectance leaf respiration leaf weevil Leaf wettability leaf-cutting ant learning legislation legume legume virus Legumes leguminosae Leishmania Leishmania aethiopica leishmania infantum Lemniscomys length difference test Length distribution lentil lepidoptera lepidoptera noctuidae Leptosphaeria maculans Leptospira serovar Leptospirosis Leptospirosis diagnosis Leslie matrix model Levonorgestrel liberia lidar life sciences life table study life-history strategies life-history traits lifecycle lifecycle assesment Lifecycle assessment lignification Lima-bean pod borer limit cycle linalyl anthranilate Liocoris tripustulatus Lippia javanica liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry liquid-chromatography live mosquito live-catching livelihood livelihoods livelihoods diversification livestock livestock feed lizards LLIN – Multivariable logistic regression – Ownership – SSA – Utilization lobopoma local adaptation local communities local knowledge Lockdown locomotion Locomotion compensator locomotory behaviour locust locust control Locustana pardalina locusts logging logging concessions logistic regression long-distance migration long-distance nocturnal migration long-range hearing longevity loose smut loss low grade heat Low input production lowland Lowlands lufenuron Luminex lure lure longevity lure optimisation lure-and-kill Lyapunov function Lycopersicon Lycopersicon esculentum Lygocoris pabulinus Lygus bugs Lygus pratensis Lygus rugulipennis lymphatic filariasis Lévy flights M molecular form M. fallax M. haemolytica M. natalensis Macaque machine learning Macronutrients macropore flow Macroporosity magpie maintenance Maize maize streak maize streak disease Maize streak virus malaise Malaria malaria and mosquito malaria and mosquitoes malaria vector malaria-plasmodium falciparum malarial mosquito Malawi Malaysia male sex pheromone Mali Maluku Malus mammalian toxicity management management implications management intervention management of diseases management programs Manihot Manihot esculenta Manihot esculenta Cassava brown streak disease Cassava mosaic disease Virus indexing Virus diagnosis manure Map mapping mapping indicator species maps Marche Region marigold marker validation Markers market marketing markets Maruca vitrata Mass estimation Mass migrations of insects mass production biopesticides mass screening mass spectrometry mass trapping mastomy Mastomys Mastomys natalensis mastomys-natalensis mathematical model Mathematical modeling Mathematical modelling mathematical models Mating Mating behaviour mating compatibility mating disruption mating swarm Mating swarms mating type Matlab matric potentials mautam MAXENT maximal biomass expectation maximum residue level maximum sustainable yield mechanical weed control mechanical weeders medical and veterinary importance medication medicinal plants Megalurothrips sjostedti Melitaea cinxia melocanna bamboo masting meloid blister beetle Meloidogyne chitwoodi Meloidogyne incognita memory Coffea Mentha satureioides meso-carnivore Meta-analysis metabolism metabotyping metacommunity metapopulation Metarhizium Metarhizium acridum Metaviridae meteorological conditions Methane oxidation methodology methods methods and techniques Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate methyl bromide Methyl salicylate Methyl-butenol Mg mice micro-CT microbial communities Microbial control microbiology microbiome microbiota Microfilarial prevalence micronutrients Microplitis similis microsatellite DNA Microscopic agglutination test Microsporidia Middle East middle niger valley midge blight midgut Migrant insects migrant pests Migrant services and disservices Migrating animals migration migration flight behaviour Migration routes Migration strategies migration syndrome migratory pest migratory potential millet millet head miner millet stem borer mineral content minerals Minirhizotrons Mirid Miridae Miscanthus missing data Mites mitochondria mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI)DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial genome Mitochondrial phylogenetic groups mitochondrial respiration mixta Mmethyl salicylate mobility model model law Modeling Organic farming modelling moisture diffusion moisture ingress profile molecular molecular evolution molecular biology molecular diversity molecular evolution molecular genetics molecular genetics (Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics) molecular markers molecular mechanisms molecular phylogenetics molecular species diagnosis Molecular Targets and Activities molecular variability molluscs monarch butterfly monitoring Monochaminae Monochamus galloprovincialis monochoria vaginalis monophyly Morphological form morphology mosaic disease mosaic-virus Mosquito Mosquito augmentation Mosquito behaviour mosquito control mosquito hearing Mosquito sampling mosquito sound mosquito trap mosquito vision mosquito visual behavior Mosquitoes moth moths moths physiology mould Mountain Pine Ridge Moustique movement movement ecology movement patterns Moxidectin Mozambique Ms MSV MtCO1 Mucuna mulching multi-dimensional poverty multi-disciplinary multi-objective optimisation multi-response modelling Multi-scale model multi-stakeholder multi-trophic multidimensional poverty multifractal analisys Multimammate rat Multiple equilibria multiple linear regression multiple mating multiple origins Multiple pesticide applications Multiple Regressions Multiple stressors multiple threats multiplex Multiresidue analysis multiscale model Multispectral imaging Multitrophic interactions multivariate analysis Mus Mus musculus Musa spp. music Musical performance Musical register musique mutualisms Myanmar mycorrhizae mycorrhizal association Mycorrhizas Mycosphaerella dearnessii mycotoxicology system mycotoxin Myrcenone mythimna separata (walker) Myzus persicae myzus-persicae homoptera N supply N use efficiency n56 dimensional hypervolume nagana to cattle Nam Dam Namibia nanopore nanopore sequencing nanotechnology NAO Narcissus narrow row spacing NASPOT 11 sweet potato cultivar (Tomulabula) Native tobacco natural disaster natural enemies natural enemy natural pest regulation natural resource management natural resources Natural Resources Institute nature-based solutions nature’s contribution to people NBS NDVI Nectar nectar chemicals nectar chemistry Nectar larceny Nectar toxin nectria neglected disease Neglected disease in Africa Nematicidal nematodes neonicotinoid NEPAD Nepal NERICA NERICA rice cultivars NERICA rice varieties Nesidiocoris tenuis nested-PCR net benefit net income Network network analysis neural-motor activity neutral traits New Delhi virus New pest New Rice for Africa (NERICA) newcastle disease next-generation sequencing Nghe An Nghi Loc NGS niche Nicholson-Bailey model Nicotiana Nicotiana africana nicotine Nigeria Nilaparvata lugens nilaparvata-lugens stal nimbacris Nipah virus nitrogen Nitrogen accumulation Nitrogen depleted environment nitrogen mineralization nitrogen retention Nitrogen use efficiency Nitrous oxide nivea NMR no till no tillage no-till noctuid moths Noctuidae nocturnal nocturnal boundary layer non-crop vegetation non-farm Non-food crops Non-overlapping generation non-target birds and reptiles non-target organisms non-target species non-toxic Jatropha nonlinear control action Nonlinear control · Poincarémap · Order-1 periodic solution · Global stability · Pest control Nonlinear impulsive nonlinear pulse nonsmooth predator–prey model Nontrivial periodic solution norisoprenoids normalized mutual information Nosema Nosema bombi NRI Radar Entomology Unit nthonomus rubi Nucleopolyhedrovirus nucleotide-sequence Nusa Tenggara Nutrient accumulation Nutrient acquisition strategies nutrient balance Nutrient concentration nutrient contents nutrient recycling nutrients nutrition nutritional content nutritional physiology O. glaberrima O. sativa Occupational disease occurrence octenols octopoid odour odour bait odour baits odour-baited insecticide odour-mediated orientation odours Oedaleus asiaticus oedaleus senegalensis oil oil crops oil palm oil palm plantations old world bollworm olfaction olfactometer olfactometry On-farm study Onchocerca Onchocerca volvulus onchocerciasis onchocerciasis control program One Health onion oomycete Optical mapping Optimal bait Optimal foraging theory Optimal harvesting policy Optimal oviposition theory optimal search strategy optimal searching strategy optimal threshold density optimum timing Optomotor responses oral toxicity orange-fleshed cultivars orangutan order-k periodic solution Organ size organic organic amendments organic farming organic manure Organic matter inputs organophosphate pesticides organophosphate sprays oriental armyworm Oriental Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen 1835) orientation orientation behaviour orientation cue Orientation cues orius strigicollis ornamental croton ornamental plant quality ornamental tree ornithology Orobanchaceae Orobanche orthochtha orthoptera Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Oryza sativa L Oryza sativa L. Oryza spp. Oum Hadjer outbreak outbreak frequency outbreak peaking times outbreaks overseas development overyielding Ovipositing vectors Oviposition oviposition behaviour oviposition deterrent owls OXFAM Oxford nanopore P. multocida Pacific Pacific biosciences painted lady butterfly Pakistan palladium-catalysed coupling palm oil pamacris pandemic pandemic A/H1N1 influenza Panel traps pangenome Pantala flavescens Paradox Paraguay pararetroviruses parasite loads parasite plug parasitic diseases parasitic plant Parasitic plants parasitic weed parasitic weed species Parasitic weeds parasitoid parasitoids parasitology Parity rates Parrot trade parthenium weed partial root drying participation Participatory approaches participatory plant breeding participatory plant-breeding participatory research particle board particulate tracer passerine passerines pastoral pastoralism pastures pathogen pathogenicity pathogens pathology pathotype patterns payment for environmental services PCA PCR PCR detection PCR-RFLP Pea pea moth pearl millet Peat alternatives peatland pedestrian migration perceived disease risk factors perceptual distinctiveness percolation theory perennial plants performance performance differences among MED populations performative synthesis pergularia Feeding deterrence Spodoptera Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae peri-urban Perillaldehyde peritrophic membrane permanent grassland Persistence persistence and partial extinction persistently transmitted virus personal protective equipment perturbed system pest pest control pest free periodic solution Pest management pest monitoring pest regulation pest resistance pest risk assessment pest rodent pest-free periodic solution pest-natural enemy system Pesticidal plants pesticidal plant pesticidal plants pesticide Pesticide application frequency Pesticide application period pesticide industry pesticide laboratory pesticide legislation Pesticide switches Pesticide switching pesticide testing pesticides Pests pests and disease Peter Jones pH phago-stimulation phagodeterrents pharmacies pharmacognosy Phascolarctos cinereus Phase change phase polyphenism phase set phaseolus vulgaris Phenology phenols phenotypic diversity phenotypic integration Pheromone pheromone blend pheromone plumes pheromone trap pheromone traps pheromones Philippines phloem sap phoneme articulation phonotaxis phophorus deficiency phoresy phosphate rock phosphate sorption phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphogypsum phosphorous sorption phosphorus phosphorus requirement photosynthesis phylogenetic phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic characterization Phylogenetic tree phylogenetics phylogenomics phylogeny Phylogeography Physical Map physiology phytoasnitary Phytochemical phytochemicals phytochemistry phytoene desaturase phytosanitary organizations phytosterol diversity piece-wise epidemic model pigeon pine Pine sawyer Pine wilt disease Pine wilt disease • Pine wood nematode Pine wood nematode Pineapple Pinus brutia Pinus caribaea Pinus nigra Pinus oocarpa Pinus pinea pitch plague plague bacillus plagues planar impulsive semi-dynamical system plant Plant funcional traits Plant growth management plant available water plant biodiversity plant competition plant damage plant density plant disease plant growth promoting bacteria plant health plant hormones plant leaf chemistry plant nutrition Plant Pathogen plant pest plant pre-breeding plant secondary metabolite plant secondary metabolites plant species richness Plant tolerance plant topography plant type plant virus Plant volatiles plant-herbivore interactions plant-insect interaction plant-insect interactions plant-microbe 55 interactions plant-microbe interactions plant-pollinator interactions plant-virus Planthopper risk prediction planting material plantpollinator interactions plants plant–microbe interactions plant–virus–vector interaction Plasmodium falciparum plasmodium induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Plasmodium knowlesi ploceus weaver ploughing operations plumage coloration Plutella xylostella Poaceae pod borer pod borers Poecilotheria Poincare map Poincar´e map Poincaré map Poland polar auxin transport Polarization pattern policy policy discourse policy evaluation pollen pollen chemistry pollen germination pollen nutrient pollinating insect Pollination Pollination ecology pollination syndrome pollinator pollinator assemblages Pollinator decline pollinator diversity pollinator health pollinator shifts pollinator specialization pollinator-pathogen interactions Pollinators Polygalaceae Polymerase polymerase chain reaction polyphagy polyphenism polyploid polyploidy Pongo pygmaeus poor population population differentiation population dynamics Population ecology population genetic-structure population genetics population genetics (population studies) population model population resequencing population size pore connectivity pore network Portfolio selection positive periodic solution Brouwer’s fixed point theorem positive selection pospiviroid post-attachment resistance post-harvest Post-harvest entomology Post-harvest grain post-harvest loss post-harvest losses post-harvest pest management postharvest postharvest loss postharvest losses postharvest pest management potassium potential conductivity potyvirus poultry poultry diseases poultry production constraints poultry vaccine Poverty poverty alleviation poverty reduction poverty traps pre-harvest precipitation predation Predation risk predator predator – prey dynamics Predators predator–prey model Predator–prey system prediction predictive breeding preference preferential pathways preservation pressure prevalence prevention and control prevention and control strategy primary benefit primary metabolism primary parasitoids primary production primary yeast Priming private investment private sector probabilistic graphical modeling process commodity matrix process quality management processing production production technology productivity profit profitability program evaluation project evaluation project prioritisation promastigote propagation propulsion Prostate cancer Prostephanus Prostephanus truncates Prostephanus truncatus protected areas protein proximal remote sensing pruning Pseudomonas Pseudoviridae Psittacus erithacus psychophysics public health public-based surveys pulp pulse pulse perturbation Pulse spraying pulse vaccination Pulsed therapy pumpkin plants PVC-resin formulation PVY PYMV Pyralidae Pyrethroid Pyrethroids pyrethrum Pyrolysis qPCR QTL quality quality control quantitative genetics Quantitative real–time PCR Quantum yield quarantine quelea quelea bird Quelea quelea Quelea quelea L. Quercus sp. Quinestrol rabi cropping Rabies race race structure radar radar aeroecology Radar cross-section radar entomology radio tracking raga Rain fed rice Rain-fed agriculture rain-fed lowland rain-fed lowland rice Rain-fed lowland. Oryza sativa Rain-fed rice Rainfall rainfed cropping rainfed lowland Rainfed rice Rainforest Alliance Rana automated monitoring Random forest random perturbation ranking RAPD-PCR Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Innovation Systems (RAAIS) Rapid diagnostics Rapid frequency modulation rapid frequency modulation behaviour rapid rural appraisal raspberry raspberry cane midge Rat rate constant rats Rattus rattus argentiventer Rattus rattus rattus spp rattus tanezumi RatZooMan Project Re-sequencing reaction norm reaction scheme Real-time reciprocal crossing Recombinant Inbred Line recombinase polymerase amplification Recombination Recombination Bin Recombination Hotspot Recombination Map reconstruction of missing data recording recovery planning recruitment red core Red-billed Quelea REDD Reference Cultivar Reference Genome Reference Genome Sequence reflectance spectra refuge registration regulated deficit irrigation regulating ecosystem services regulation relative humidity Relative yield loss release calls release rate remote sensing remote sensing imagery repellency Repellents reproduction reproduction number Reproductive development Reproductive isolation reproductive parameters Republic research research impact research policy Research uptake researcher-bred variety NASPOT 1 residual effect of pesticide residual effects of pesticides residual value residue cover residue laboratory Residue management residues resilience resistance resistance mechanisms resistance screening resource limitation resource use Resource use efficiency resources respiration respirometry Resseliella theobaldi retailers retrotransposable elements Retroviridae Reverse-transcribing viruses Reversion Rhamphicarpa Rhamphicarpa fistulosa rhizome Rhizotron Rhizotrons Rhodesian sleeping sickness Rhododendron ponticum rhopalomyia longicauda rhopalosiphum-padi homoptera Rhyzopertha dominica Ribes nigrum rice rice blast rice brown planthopper rice cropping rice cultivation rice husk biochar rice marketing Rice pests rice production rice stem borer rice tungro disease rice tungro virus rice tungro virus disease Rice vampire weed Rice Vampireweed Rice varieties Ricker equation Rickettsia ripcord risk risk management risk of failure risk perception rites river blindness river discharges RNA RNA interference RNA-Seq Roaming behavior Roche 454 rodent rodent pests rodent control rodent damage rodent ecology rodent management rodent outbreak rodent pest rodent pests rodent-human interactions rodents Rolling circle amplification rolling-circle amplification Romania root root aphids Root biomass distribution root biome Root carbon inputs Root carbon:nitrogen ratio root damage root distribution root knot nematode root latex root systems root to shoot communication Root turn over root-knot nematodes root-shoot communication root-soil contact rootstock rotenoids Rothamsted suction trap roundtable on sustainable palm oil (RSPO) RT-PCR rubber Runs on medical resources rural rural areas rural development rural livelihoods Rural poor Rwanda RxLR S)-2 S. hermonthica Sabah Saccostomus sacred lakes Sadness safe movement safety Sahel sahelian grasshopper Sahlbergella singularis Sainfoin salicin sampling Sand flies sand fly sap-feeding insect Sapindaceae saponins Sapotaceae SARS SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant satellite savanna Savannah strain scalefree Schistocerca gregaria Scirpophaga incertulas screening screwworm Scutelleridae seafood seasonal abundance seasonal cycles seasonal environments seasonal food deficits seasonal migration seasonal poverty traps Secondary growth secondary benefit Secondary compounds Secondary metabolite secondary outbreak secondary plant compounds secondary symbiont secondary yeast secreted in xylem secreted in xylem (SIX) secretory gel section securidaca Securidaca longepedunculata seed seed bank seed germination seed production seed sector seed systems Seedlings Segregating population selection selection criteria semi-arid semi-parametric semi-stochastic simulation Seminar roots semiochemical semiochemical trap semiochemicals senegalese grasshopper sensitivity analysis sensor sensory coding sensory ecology Sensory Systems sensory-neural response sentinel animals Sequence sequence alignment Sequence diversity Sequencing Serengeti Serine recombinase serology serotype serotype diversity services Servosphere Sesamia inferens Sesquiterpenes set-aside SeVg expression sex attractant sex pheromone sex recognition sexual recognition shabacris shade coffee Shade-trees shaded coffee Shannon diversity index sheep shelf-life Shipping shipping climate change trade Shipping emissions Shipping scenarios Short-term forecast Sideroxylon foetidissimum Sideroxylon foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri Sierra Leone signalling significant events Simple Sequence Repeat markers simplex design simulation model simulations Simuliidae simulium Simulium damnosum Simulium damnosum (s.l.) Simulium damnosum (sensu lato) Simulium damnosum complex Simulium damnosum s.l. Simulium equinum Simulium lineatum Simulium ornatum Simulium sanctipauli Simulium sirbanum Simulium soubrense Simulium spp. vectors Simulium squamosum Simulium squamosum E simulium yahense Singing singing quality assessment Singing synthesis singing voice single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single nucleotide polymorphisms Single sensillum recording Siphoninus phillyrae SIR SIR model SIT site selection preference site variation Sitophilus Sitophilus oryzae Sitophilus zeamais SIX2 slash-and-burn SLCMV sleeping sickness Sliding bifurcation slugs Small mammals small scale farmers small-scale farmers small-scale farming smallholder smallholder coffee farmers smallholder farmer smallholder farmers Smallholder farming smallholders Smart biochar smoke smoked fish Snapdragon social change social equity social network analysis Social Upgrading socio-economic sogatella-furcifera hemiptera SOI soil soil aeration soil and water conservation soil assessment soil carbon sequestration soil characteristics soil classification soil conservation soil cover Soil degradation Soil disturbance intensity soil dynamics soil ecology soil erosion soil fertility soil fertility and nutrient cycling soil flooding soil management soil moisture soil organic carbon soil pollution Soil protection soil remediation soil structure soil suites Soil tomography Soil types soil water Soil water deficits solanum incanum solanum tuberosum Solidity sommunity-based forest management Songbirds Sorex antinorii Sorghum Sorghum bicolor sorption sorption isotherm souna sound Sound pitch sound recordings sound sensor sound trap source sinks South Africa south asia southern Africa southern Britain Spain sparrow spatial autocorrelation spatial epidemiology Spatial heterogeneity spatial matching spatial prioritization spatial repellents spatial simulation spatial variation spatially explicit spatially explicit model spatial‐temporal variation spatio-temporal analysis speciality coffee specialization Specialized pollinators specialty coffee speciation species species coexistence species complex species composition species demarcation species distributional shift species prevalence species recognition species response curve species response curves species richness species traits species-specific cues spectral analysis spectral coherence spectral reflectance speech synthesis Sphenostysis stenocarpa spikelet fertility Spikelet sterility split-root spodoptera Spodoptera exempta spodoptera exigua Spodoptera litura (F.) spoilage spores Spotted Bollworm spotted wilt virus spray cycle spraying SpvB protein homolog squash-blot SRI Sri Lanka Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus SSR markers Stability stable fly stable isotopes Stable switching transient stabling stack burn staffing staple food starling state-dependent feedback control Stationary distribution Steatomys stem base damage stemborers Sticky trap stilbenes stiriinae stochastic discrete model Stochastic dynamical model Stochastic impact assessment stochastic logistic equation Stochastic tumour-immune model Stochastic tumour-immune system stomata stomatal closure Stomatal conductance stomodeal valve Stomoxys storage storage pests storage root Storage root chemistry storage structures stored product pest Stored product pests Stored product protection stored products Stored-product protection strains stratification strawberries strawberry Strawberry blossom weevil stress stress–signalling Striga Striga asiatica Striga aspera Striga forbesii Striga hermonthica strigolactones Structural economic method strychnos spinosa Stylosanthes Sub-optimal responses sub-Sahara Sub-Saharan Africa sub-Saharan Africa species sublethal effects subsidence Subsistence agriculture subsistence farmer Subsistence farmers subsistence farming subsistence livelihoods Subsoil subtropics Sulawesi Sulfate-reducing bacteria sun coffee sun compass Sunbird Sunbirds Suncus Sunn Pest sunspot groups super-race superabundance Supplementary Table supply supply development suppression Surface free energy surface roughness surface skimming Surveillance survey Survival Survival analysis sustainability sustainability certification sustainable sustainable agricultural intensification sustainable agriculture sustainable biocontrol solutions sustainable coffee production sustainable crop management sustainable development sustainable farming sustainable farming systems sustainable land use sustainable livelihoods sustainable livestock management Sustainable production Sustainable Trade sustainable uses of plants sustainable water use and management swarm Swarming swarms swartzia Swaziland sweet itch sweet potato sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus sweet potato leaf curl virus sweet potato virus sweet potato weevils Sweetpotato sweetpotato breeding sweetpotato cultivar sweetpotato seed systems sweetpotato virus disease Sweetpotato weevil switch-like transition swollen shoot virus Symbiont symbiosis Symbiotic N2 fixation sympatric wildlife synergism synergistic interaction synergy synthesis synthetic aperture radar synthèse syllabique synthèse vocale syrphidae System diagnostics System of Rice Intensification Systems São Tomé and Príncipe T. gondii tabaci gennadius hemiptera Tabebuia rosea tabora tactic Tagetes erecta take off tannic acid Tanzania Tapanuli orangutan targets Tarnished plant bug Tau-fluvalinate taxis taxonomic changes taxonomy technique technology technology transfer telemetry Telenomus busseolae Gahan temperature Temperature and rainfall variability temperature inversion temperature inversions Tephrosia Tephrosia candida tephrosia vogelii Teretrius nigrescens Terminalia amazonia termite terpenoids The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Theobroma cacao Theobroma cocoa Theraphosidae. Sri Lanka thermal acclimation thermal breadth thermotolerance Thjileria Parva THP-1 cells threats threshold Threshold condition Threshold dynamics threshold policy Thrips Thysanoptera tick control tillage tillering timber pest timber plantations Time series time-lags Tithonia tobacco beetle tobacco moth Togo ToLCBV-[Ban4] ToLCV-[Ban4] tolerance tomato tomato leaf curl tomato leaf curl virus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tomography tools Tortricidae Toxic nectar Toxicity toxicology toxin toxins toxoplasmosis tracking quarantine measures Trackit trade trade regulation trade structures trade-off trade-offs traditional food traditional knowledge traditional variety training trait-based trajectory trans-disciplinary transcriptome analysis Transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations transcritical bifurcation transfer transgenes transgenic resistance transgressive traits transmission transmission hotspots transmission model transpiration stream trap trapping Trapping bias traps treatment Tree diversity tree domestication tree identification tree species trees Triatoma infestans tribe Swartzieae trichromacy Trifolium pratense triglyceride triterpenoid saponins Triticum aestivum tritrophic interactions tropic tropical tropical agriculture tropical climate Tropical crop tropical forest management tropical hardwoods tropical rainforest tropics Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosoma brucei s.l. Trypanosomatid trypanosomatids trypanosome trypanosomiasis trypanosomiasis control tsetse tsetse attractant tsetse control Tsetse flies tsetse fly tuber tubers Tumour cell Tumour-immune model tungro-associated viruses tungro-bacilliform virus turbophoretic model turbulence Turbulence directionality cues TYLCV TYLCV-Is type III effectors Tyto alba U.K UCBSV Uganda Ugandan cassava brown streak virus Ugandan National Sweetpotato Program (UNSP) UK ultra narrow row ULV insecticides ULV spraying UN sustainable development goals undamaged yield uniform persistence Union Medal uniqueness United Kingdom upland Upland rice urban beekeeping Urban ecology urban ecosystems Urban water urbanization Usutu virus Utilization Distribution UV protection UV reflectance vaccination vaccine vaccine development Vaccinium validation value chains VAMP2 Vanessa cardui vanillin Vanuatu variances varietal attributes varietal improvement vascular development VCG Vector Vector abundance vector behaviour vector behaviour modification Vector biology vector control vector ecology vector performance vector surveillance vector transmission Vector-borne disease vector-borne diseases vectors Vectors Arbovirus vegetable vegetation venturia inaequalis genome Vernonia vernonia amygdalina vertebrate pests vertical-looking radar vessel lumen fraction vessel number vessel size veterinary profession vibrational signals video analysis Vietnam Vigna unguiculata village chicken village chickens village planning vine weevil Violet-tailed sunbird viral sequences Viroid virology virtual choir virulence virulence-pathogen Virus virus detection virus evolution virus host range virus infection virus isolates virus resistance virus retention Virus transmission virus vector virus-specific primers viruses Vision visual responses vitamin vitamin A vitamin A deficiencies vitamin C Vitis vinifera voice perception voice synthesis volatile compounds volatiles Volterra’s principle volunteers W-band warming Warsaw water cloud model water conservation water harnessing Water management water pollution Water productivity water relations Water repellency water supply Water-saving waterbirds weather weather conditions weather surveillance radar web application weed weed abundance weed biology Weed competition weed control weed control. herbicide tolerant rice weed ecology Weed infestation weed management weed suppression Weed suppressive ability (WSA) Weed-suppressive ability weeders weeding weeds Weight gain weight loss welfare Wellbeing West Africa West Nile Virus Western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system Wetlands Wheat wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genome sequence wheat yields and production white-backed planthopper whiteflies whitefly Whitefly . Tomato leaf curl virus . Arsenophonus . Wolbachia . qRT-PCR Whitefly complex whitefly resistance whitefly vector whitefly-transmitted crinivirus whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses whitefly-transmitted viruses whiteflyacquisition Whitefy WHO Wicked problems widowbird wild cabbage wild plant pollinator wildlife wildlife interface wildlife management wildlife–livestock–human interface willingness to pay wilt wind Wind transport Windborne insect migration windborne migration windborne migration of African malaria vectors wing polymorphism wing-beat wingless arthropods winter annual witchcraft witchweed Wittig reaction WNV Wolbachia Wolbachia dengue fever Aedes mosquitoes Wolbachia phages Women wood density woodchipping woodland woodwool woodwool manufacture World Health world trade wound healing X-band X-ray computed tomography Xanthomonas citri [=X. axonopodis] pv. citri xenocymochtha xerophlaeoba Xestobium rufovillosum xylem xylem sap xylem sapwood Xylotrechus arvicola Xylotrechus quadripes Yam yam (Dioscorea spp.) badnaviruses Yam mosaic virus yeast yeild benefits yellow dwarf virus yellow mosaic virus yellow mottle disease yellow mottle virus yellow stemborer yellow vein mosaic virus yellow-dwarf-virus Yersinia Yersinia pestis Yield Yield gap yield loss Yield related traits yield response Yield sensitivity yield variability YMV Yucatan peninsula Z Z)- and (E Z)-3 Z)-4 Z)-6 Zambazia Zambia Zanha africana Zanzibar Zea mays zero burning zeylenol Zimbabwe Zingiberaceae zonocerus variegatus Zoology zoonoses Zoonosis Zoonotic disease zoophagic zoophilic zooprophylaxis ZYMV épistémologie β-carotene epoxides β-tubulin gene sequence flight altitude