Gray, Katie L. H., Davis, Josh P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0017-7159, Bunce, Carl, Noyes, Eilidh and Ritchie, Kay L. (2025) Training human super-recognizers’ detection and discrimination of AI-generated faces. Royal Society Open Science, 12 (11):250921. pp. 1-19. ISSN 2054-5703 (Online) (doi:10.1098/rsos.250921)

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Abstract

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can create realistic synthetic faces, which have the potential to be used for nefarious purposes. The synthetic faces produced by GANs are difficult to detect and are often judged to be more realistic than real faces. Training programmes have been developed to improve human synthetic face detection accuracy, with mixed results. Here, we investigate synthetic face detection and discrimination in super-recognizers (SRs; who have exceptional face recognition skills), and typical-ability control participants. We also devised a training procedure which sought to highlight rendering artefacts. In two different experimental designs, we found that SRs (total N = 283) were better at detecting and discriminating synthetic faces than controls (total N = 381), where control participants were below chance without training. Trained SRs and controls had significantly better performance than those without training, and the magnitude of the training effect was similar in both groups. Our results suggest that SRs are using cues unrelated to rendering artefacts to detect and discriminate synthetic faces, and that an easily implementable training procedure increases their performance to above chance levels. These results have implications for real-world scenarios, where trained SRs' performance could be harnessed for synthetic face detection.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AI-generated faces, super-recognizers, synthetic faces, training
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Thinking and Learning Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM)
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2026 14:20
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/52062

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