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Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries

Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries

Sorokowski, Piotr, Kowal, Marta, Sternberg, Robert J., Aavik, Toivo, Akello, Grace, Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh, Alm, Charlotte, Amjad, Naumana, Anjum, Afifa, Asao, Kelly, Atama, Chiemezie S., Duyar, Derya Atamtürk, Ayebare, Richard, Conroy-Beam, Daniel, Bendixen, Mons, Bensafia, Aicha, Bizumic, Boris, Boussena, Mahmoud, Buss, David M., Butovskaya, Marina, Can, Seda, Carrier, Antonin, Cetinkaya, Hakan, Croy, Ilona, Cueto, Rosa María, Czub, Marcin, Dronova, Daria, Dural, Seda, Duyar, Izzet, Ertugrul, Berna, Espinosa, Agustín, Estevan, Ignacio, Esteves, Carla Sofia, Frackowiak, Tomasz, Garduño, Jorge Contreras, González, Karina Ugalde, Guemaz, Farida, Halamová, Mária, Herak, Iskra, Horvat, Marina, Hromatko, Ivana, Hui, Chin-Ming, Jaafar, Jas Laile, Jiang, Feng ORCID: 0000-0001-9762-5821 , Kafetsios, Konstantinos, Kavčič, Tina, Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen, Kervyn, Nicolas, Ha, Truong Thi Khanh, Khilji, Imran Ahmed, Köbis, Nils C., Kostic, Aleksandra, Lan, Hoang Moc, Láng, András, Lennard, Georgina R., León, Ernesto, Lindholm, Torun, Linh, Trinh Thi, Lopez, Giulia, Luot, Nguyen Van, Mailhos, Alvaro, Manesi, Zoi, Martinez, Rocio, McKerchar, Sarah L., Meskó, Norbert, Pejičić, Marija, Misra, Girishwar, Monaghan, Conal, Mora, Emanuel C., Moya-Garófano, Alba, Musil, Bojan, Nizharadze, George, Oleszkiewicz, Anna, Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian, Özener, Baris, Pagani, Ariela Francesca, Parise, Miriam, Pazhoohi, Farid, Pisanski, Annette, Pisanski, Katarzyna, Ponciano, Edna, Popa, Camelia, Prokop, Pavol, Rizwan, Muhammad, Salkičević, Svjetlana, Sargautyte, Ruta, Schmehl, Susanne, Shahid, Anam, Siddiqui, Razi Sultan, Simonetti, Franco, Tadinac, Meri, Walter, Kathryn V., Yoo, Gyesook, Zaťková, Marta, Zupančič, Maja and Sorokowska, Agnieszka (2023) Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries. Scientific Reports, 13:773. pp. 1-10. ISSN 2045-2322 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4)

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Abstract

Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: culture; collectivism; modernization; love
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General)
H Social Sciences > HF Commerce
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group: Faculty of Business
Faculty of Business > Centre for Work and Employment Research (CREW)
Faculty of Business > Centre for Work and Employment Research (CREW) > Leadership & Organisational Behaviour Research Group (LOB)
Faculty of Business > Department of Systems Management & Strategy
Last Modified: 05 Jul 2023 10:03
URI: http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/43132

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