Takács, Ádám, Kóbor, Andrea, Kardos, Zsófia, Janacsek, Karolina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-8220, Horváth, Kata, Beste, Christian and Nemeth, Dezso (2021) Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning. Human Brain Mapping, 42 (10). pp. 3182-3201. ISSN 1065-9471 (Print), 1097-0193 (Online) (doi:10.1002/hbm.25427)

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Abstract

Humans are capable of acquiring multiple types of information presented in the same information stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes are important during learning of sequential patterns—statistical learning and rule‐based learning. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of these parallel learning processes are not fully understood. To differentiate between the simultaneous mechanisms at the single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical and rule‐based learning codes can be distinguished in EEG data and can be related to distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate that concomitant but distinct aspects of information coded in the N2 time window play a role in these mechanisms: mismatch detection and response control underlie statistical learning and rule‐based learning, respectively, albeit with different levels of time‐sensitivity. Moreover, the effects of the two learning mechanisms in the different temporally decomposed clusters of neural activity also differed from each other in neural sources. Importantly, the right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated in visuomotor statistical learning, confirming its role in the acquisition of transitional probabilities. In contrast, visuomotor rule‐based learning was associated with the prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how simultaneous learning mechanisms operate at the neurophysiological level and are orchestrated by distinct prefrontal cortical areas. The current findings deepen our understanding on the mechanisms of how humans are capable of learning multiple types of information from the same stimulus stream in a parallel fashion.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	© 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	statistical learning, rule learning, electroencephalography, procedural memory
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM) Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Thinking and Learning
Last Modified:	12 Jul 2021 08:43
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/32204

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