AASK (Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge), aircraft accident, database, human experience in evacuation, aviation accident reports

Owen, M., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) An aircraft accident database of human experience in evacuation derived from aviation accident reports. Fire and Materials, 23 (6). pp. 363-368. ISSN 0308-0501 (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199911/12)23:6<363::AID-FAM712>3.0.CO;2-D)

Advanced Ship Evacuation Simulation Software Product, ship evacuation, large scale testing, human behaviour, computer modelling

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Sharp, G, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Glen, Ian (2002) The development of an advanced ship evacuation simulation software product and associated large scale testing facility for the collection of human shipboard behaviour data. In: RINA. International Conference. Human Factors in Ship Design and Operation, 2-3 October 2002. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 37-50. ISBN 9780903055819

EXODUS

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, Steve, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2015) buildingEXODUS V6.2 Technical Manual and User Guide. Manual. University of Greenwich, Greenwich, London, UK.

Human Behaviour; Egress; Human Factors; Signage; Dynamic Signage; Wayfinding

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Xie, H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Cooney, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2016) An international survey and full-scale evacuation trial demonstrating the effectiveness of the active dynamic signage system concept. Fire and Materials, 41 (5). pp. 493-513. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:10.1002/fam.2414)

Human behaviour; Egress; Human factors; Signage; Dynamic signage; Wayfinding

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2017) Evaluating the effectiveness of an improved active dynamic signage system using full scale evacuation trials. Fire Safety Journal, 91. pp. 908-917. ISSN 0379-7112 (Print), 1873-7226 (Online) (doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.022)

Investigating impact culture evaluation behaviour

Galea, Edwin Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Sharp, Gary, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Sauter, Markus (2013) Investigating the impact of culture on evacuation behaviour – A UK Data-Set. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Fire Science & Engineering Conference, Interflam 2013 24-26th June. FSEG. ISBN 978-0955654893

SAFEGUARD project, data collection, passenger safety, maritime, vessels, computing models

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Brown, Rob, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 (2010) The SAFEGUARD project: collection and preliminary analysis of assembly data for large passenger vessels at sea. Compit'10, 9th International Conference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries. Compit'10, 9th International Conference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries, pp. 424-433. ISBN 978-3892206491

SAFEGUARD, response time distributions, (RTD), cruise ships, passenger ships, evacuation, IMO guidelines

Brown, R., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2013) Passenger response time data-sets for large passenger ferries and cruise ships derived from sea trials. Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, International Journal of Maritime Engineering, 155 (A1). pp. 33-48. ISSN 1479-8751

Transportation; Validation; Modelling; Egress; Human factors; Human behavior

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Brown, Robert and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2014) A validation data-set and suggested validation protocol for ship evacuation models. Fire Safety Science, 11. pp. 1115-1128. ISSN 1817-4299 (doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.11-1115)

Urban evacuation; Evacuation simulation; Wildfire; Forest fire; Disaster management; GIS

Veeraswamy, Anand, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Haasanen, Simo, Gazzard, Robert J. and Smith, Thomas E.L. (2017) The simulation of urban-scale evacuation scenarios with application to the Swinley forest fire. Safety Science, 102. pp. 178-193. ISSN 0925-7535 (doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.07.015)

access routes, escape and evacuation standards, merchant vessels, behavioral research, computer simulation, naval architecture, naval vessels, personnel training, warships, computer software

Boxall, P., Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 and Cooney, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2005) Advanced evacuation simulation software and its use in warships. In: Royal Institution of Naval Architects International Conference - Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety and Operation. Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 49-56. ISBN 9781905040094

accident prevention, aircraft escape devices, deck landing aircraft, laws and legislation, performance, registration of engineers, regulatory compliance, standards, structural design, wings, aircraft design, aircraft evacuation, passenger loads, safety standards, aircraft emergency exits

Blake, S.J., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2002) Examining the effect of exit separation on aircraft evacuation performance during 90-second certification trials using evacuation modelling techniques. The Aeronautical Journal, 106 (1055). pp. 1-16. ISSN 0001-9240

Blake, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2001) Examining the effect of exit separation on aircraft evacuation performance using evacuation modelling techniques: "Is the 60 foot rule relevant?". CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 1899991727

accident prevention, computer simulation, mathematical models, risk perception, tructural design, large-scale aircraft evacuation, software package airEXODUS, transport aircraft

Owen, M., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) The numerical simulation of aircraft evacuation and its application to aircraft design and certification. The Aeronautical Journal, 102 (1016). pp. 301-312. ISSN 0001-9240

adaptive decision-making, crowd formations, buildingEXODUS

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) Adaptive decision-making in response to crowd formations in building EXODUS. Journal of Applied Fire Science, 8 (4). pp. 301-325. ISSN 1044-4300 (Print), 1541-4183 (Online) (doi:10.2190/CMPP-39TC-TNL3-R63Q)

airEXODUS, evacuation modelling, aircraft

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1997) The airEXODUS evacuation model and its application to evacuation certification, crew training and accident investigation. In: Cabin Safety. Proceedings. The Royal Aeronautical Society, London, UK, 15.1-15.14. ISBN 1857680383

aircraft design and construction, evacuation models, passenger safety, computer modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1997) The numerical simulation of aircraft evacuation and its application to aircraft design and certification. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 189999128X

aircraft evacuation, AASK (aircraft accident statistics and knowledge)

Owen, M., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) AASK - Aircraft accident statistics and knowledge: A database of human experience in evacuation, derived from aviation accident reports. The Aeronautical Journal, 102 (1017). pp. 353-363. ISSN 0001-9240

aircraft evacuation, aircraft fire, modelling, full-scale evacuation trial

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2011) Evacuation analysis of 1000+ seat blended wing body aircraft configuration: computer simulations and full-scale evacuation experiment. In: Peacock, Richard D., Kuligowski, Erica D. and Averill, Jason D., (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer USA, pp. 149-151. ISBN 9781441997241 (Print), 9781441997258 (Online) (doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_14)

aircraft safety, evacuation modelling

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, Matthew, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) The numerical simulation of aircraft evacuation and its application to aircraft safety. In: Proceedings of The First International Human Behavior in Fire Symposium. University of Ulster (Fire Safety Engineering Research and Technology Center, FireSERT), Belfast, Northern Ireland, pp. 529-540. ISBN 85923 103 9

building evacuation, wayfinding, signage, human behaviour, egress modelling, evacuation modelling

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2008) Simulating the interaction of occupants with signage systems. In: Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium. IAFSS Symposiums (9). International Association for Fire Safety Science, London, UK, pp. 389-400. ISSN 1817-4299 (doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-389)

buildingEXODUS v6.0, EXODUS software, software tools, evacuation simulation, movement of large numbers of people

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Cooney, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2013) buildingEXODUS v6.0. Manual. Fire Safety Engineering Group, School of Computing, Mathematics and Statistics, Greenwich, London. (Unpublished)

buildingEXODUS, EXODUS software, computer software, software tools, evacuation simulation, buildings

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) Further validation of the buildingEXODUS evacuation model using the Tsukuba dataset. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 189999131X

buildingEXODUS, EXODUS software, computer software, software tools, evacuation simulation, buildings

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) Validation of the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 1899991298

buildingEXODUS, EXODUS software, software tools, evacuation simulation, buildings

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) Adaptive decision-making in buildingEXODUS. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 1899991395

buildingEXODUS, evacuation modelling

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2005) A systematic comparison of buildingEXODUS predictions with experimental data from the Stapelfeldt trials and the Milburn House evacuation. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 29 (9). pp. 818-851. ISSN 0307-904X (doi:10.1016/j.apm.2004.11.005)

buildingExodus, evacuation modelling, Tsukuba Pavilion, evacuation data, predictions

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) A systematic comparison of model predictions produced by the buildingExodus evacuation model and the Tsukuba Pavilion evacuation data. Journal of Applied Fire Science, 7 (3). pp. 235-266. ISSN 1044-4300 (Print), 1541-4183 (Online) (doi:10.2190/6W20-VM9D-Y3F2-QGHE)

community resilience; preparedness; risk reduction; evacuation modelling; simulation

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Hulse, Lynn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-3520, Veeraswamy, Anand and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2021) Large-scale evacuations: they worked last time. Will they work again? In: SafeGreece 2021: 8th International Conference on Civil Protection & New Technologies, 24th - 26th November 2021, Greece and online.

computer based analysis, evacuation, evacuation models, computer modelling

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) A review of the methodologies used in evacuation modelling. Fire and Materials, 23 (6). pp. 383-388. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1018(199911/12)23:6<383::AID-FAM715>3.0.CO;2-2)

computer modelling, evacuation modelling, ship evacuation, fire modelling

Galea, E.R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, S., Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X and Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2004) Safer by design: simulating fire and escape at sea. In: The 1st International Conference Escape, Evacuation and Recovery, Survival from Ships and Offshore Structures, Lloyds List Events, 10-11 Mar 2004, London, UK.

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2004) The simulation of ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference 2004. Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference, 1/14-14/14.

computer simulation, ship evacuation, fire modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2003) Simulating ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2003: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 159-171. ISBN 1904521088

emergency exit signage; evacuation; simulation; dynamic signage

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 and Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2021) Exploring the potential effectiveness of dynamic and static emergency exit signage in complex spaces through simulation. Fire Safety Journal, 125:103404. ISSN 0379-7112 (doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103404)

emergency planning; evacuation planning; fires; satellite remote sensing; telecommunications

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Ferrucci, Fabrizio, Hirn, B, Marzoli, Marcello, Punzo, F, Schiano Lo Moriello, S and Veeraswamy, Anand (2019) Integration of Earth observation, aerosol and people evacuation modelling for preparedness and emergency response. IN-PREP. pp. 1-4.

evacuation behaviour, culture

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Sharp, Gary, Sauter, Markus, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) Investigating the impact of culture on evacuation behaviour: a Polish data-set. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 62-73. ISBN 978-0-9556548-8-6

evacuation model, assembly trials, SAFEGUARD Project, MSC Circ 1238, cruise ships, ferries, maritime vessels

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Brown, R., Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y. and Bresnard, N. (2012) The SAFEGUARD validation data-set and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 41-60. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

evacuation modelling, buildingEXODUS

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, Steve, Owen, Matthew, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1998) A comparison of predictions from the buildingEXODUS evacuation model with experimental data. In: Proceedings of First International Human Behavior in Fire Symposium. University of Ulster (Fire Safety Engineering Research and Technology Center, FireSERT), Belfast, Northern Ireland, pp. 711-720. ISBN 1 85923 103 9

evacuation modelling, buildingEXODUS, functionality, fire safety, human behaviour

Gwynne, S., Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2001) Simulating occupant interaction with smoke using buildingEXODUS. In: 2nd International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fires [Conference Proceedings]. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK. ISBN 0953231267

evacuation modelling, computer simulation, methodologies, built environment

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Owen, M., Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment. Building and Environment, 34 (6). pp. 741-749. ISSN 0360-1323 (doi:10.1016/S0360-1323(98)00057-2)

evacuation modelling, maritime safety, fire safety, computer modelling

Galea, Ed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, S., Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X and Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2004) The simulation of fire and evacuation at sea. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2004: 10th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 755-760. ISBN 0954121643

evacuation modelling, passenger ships, computer simulation, ship evacuation

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, Steve, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2003) Predicting the performance of passenger ships using computer simulation. In: Fire Safety and Survivability, Applied Vehicle Technology (AVT) Panel Symposium, 23-26 September 2002, Aalborg, Denmark.

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, S., Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2001) Predicting the evacuation performance of passenger ships using computer simulation. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2001: 9th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 853-864. ISBN 0953231291

evacuation modelling, wayfinding systems, computer simulation, pedestrians

Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 and Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2003) Simulating the interaction of pedestrians with wayfinding systems. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2003: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 39-50. ISBN 1904521088

evacuation procedures, ships, signage

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Gwynne, S. (2001) Visibility catchment area of exits and signs. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2001: 9th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1529-1534. ISBN 0953231291

evacuation simulation software, evacuation modelling, buildingEXODUS, hospitals

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) Extending the capabilities of the buildingEXODUS evacuation model to cater for hospital evacuations. In: Proceedings: Third International Conference on Fire Research and Engineering. CRC Press/Guilford Press, London, UK, pp. 39-50. ISBN 9781566768887

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) Adapting the buildingEXODUS evacuation model for hospital specific evacuation scenarios. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 1999: 8th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1247-1252. ISBN 0953231232

evacuation, evacuation simulation, evacuation model, signage, visibility

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, Steve and Lawrence, Peter (2006) Representing the influence of signage on evacuation behavior within an evacuation model. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 16 (1). pp. 37-73. ISSN 1042-3915 (doi:10.1177/1042391506054298)

evacuation, fire safety, queuing, adaptive behavior, familiarity, line-of-sight, buildingExodus

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Owen, M. and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (1999) Adaptive decision-making in buildingEXODUS in response to exit congestion. In: Fire Safety Science: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium. IAFSS Symposiums (6). International Association for Fire Safety Science, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1041-1052. ISBN 0925223255 (doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.6-1041)

evacuation, response time, cruise ships, passenger ferries

Brown, Robert, Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) Response time data for large passenger ferries and cruise ships. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 460-471. ISBN 9780955654886

evacuation, signage, wayfinding, wayfinding experiment, evacuation modelling,

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2011) Experimental analysis of the effectiveness of emergency signage and its implementation in evacuation simulation. Fire and Materials, 36 (5-6). pp. 367-382. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:10.1002/fam.1095)

experiment, ship evacuation, ship evacuation model, validation, assembly process, assembly time, evacuation data, evacuation model, validation methodology

Galea, Edwin Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Brown, Robert and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2013) An experimental validation of an evacuation model using data sets generated from two large passenger ships. Journal of Ship Research, 13 (3). pp. 155-170. ISSN 0022-4502 (Print), 1542-0604 (Online) (doi:10.5957/JOSR.57.3.120037)

field trial evacuation responses, evacuation, BeSeCu Project

Galea, Ed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, Steven J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Sharp, Gary (2013) Field trial on evacuation response. In: Schmidt, Silke and Galea, Ed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, (eds.) Behaviour - Security - Culture Human Behaviour in Emergencies and Disasters: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich, Germany, pp. 131-215. ISBN 9783899678673

fire and evacuation analysis, blended wing body (BWB) aircraft, computer simulations, large-scale evacuation, experiments

Galea, E.R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2010) Fire and evacuation analysis in BWB aircraft configurations: Computer simulations and large-scale evacuation experiment. The Aeronautical Journal, 114 (1154). pp. 271-277. ISSN 0001-9240

human behaviour, evacuation modelling, evacuation, smoke, fire hazards, adaptive behaviour

Gwynne, S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2001) Modelling occupant interaction with fire conditions using the buildingEXODUS evacuation model. Fire Safety Journal, 36 (4). pp. 327-357. ISSN 0379-7112 (doi:10.1016/S0379-7112(00)00060-6)

human performance, ship evacuation

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lohrmann, Philipp, Brown, Robert, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) Understanding human performance in ship evacuation. Journal of Ocean Technology, 7 (3). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1718-3200

multimodal evacuation simulation, seaborne evacuation, wildfire, fractional dose model; casualty estimation; PM2.5; computer simulation

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Ewer, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2023) Trapped on the seashore, seaborne evacuation, impact of exposure to PM2.5: demonstration of the urbanEXODUS evacuation model. In: Chalaris, Michail, (ed.) The Challenges of Disaster Planning Management, and Resilience. Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation . Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 339-457. ISBN 979-8886972290 (doi:10.52305/QURT7964)

multimodal evacuation simulation; seaborne evacuation; wildfire; fractional dose model; casualty estimation; PM2.5; computer simulation

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Ewer, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2022) Trapped on the seashore, seaborne evacuation, and impact of exposure to PM2.5: Live demonstration of the urbanEXODUS large-scale evacuation model. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Planning, Challenges of Disaster Management and Resilience (ICPCDMR), 11th - 13th February 2022, Athens and online.

passenger response time distributions, IMO, uniform random distribution, assembly trials, log-normal distribution, assembly analysis

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Sharp, Gary, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Gwynne, Steve (2007) Recommendations on the nature of the passenger response time distribution to be used in the MSC 1033 assembly time analysis based on data derived from sea trials. International Journal of Maritime Engineering, 149 (A1). pp. 15-29. ISSN 1479-8751

passenger response time, evacuation, sea trials, ferries, cruise ships, maritime vessels, MSC Circ 1238

Brown, R., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) Passenger response time data-sets for large passenger ferries and cruise ships derived from sea trials and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 25-40. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

passenger response time, ship evacuation, evacuation modelling, computer simulation, IMO regulations

Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Gwynne, S. (2006) The impact of the passenger response time distribution on ship evacuation performance. Transactions of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects Part A: International Journal of Maritime Engineering, 148 (1). pp. 35-44. ISSN 1479-8751

passenger ships, maritime vessels, passenger response time, evacuation, human factors data, SAFEGUARD Project, data methodologies

Deere, S.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Brown, R. (2012) Data collection methodologies used in the SAFEGUARD project to collect human factors data. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 13-23. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

pedestrian vehicle interaction; pedestrian crossing behaviour; agent based modelling; microscope model; gap acceptance

Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Pellacini, Veronica, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2022) The development of pedestrian gap acceptance and midblock pedestrian road crossing behavior utilizing SUMO. In: SUMO User Conference 2021. 13 – 15 September 2021, Virtual Event. SUMO Conference Proceedings, 2 . TIB Open Publishing (Technische Informationsbibliothek) - DLR Institute of Transportation Systems, Hannover, Germany, pp. 33-51. ISSN 2750-4425 (Online) (doi:10.52825/scp.v2i.90)

response phase behaviour, evacuation behaviour

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Hulse, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-3520 (2010) Investigating the impact of culture on evacuation behaviour. In: Interflam 2010: 12th International Fire Science & Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 879-892. ISBN 9780954121655

response time, ship evacuation, SAFEGUARD Project, data collection, passenger safety, maritime, vessels, computing models, passenger response time

Brown, Robert, Galea, Edwin Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) IMO INF Paper Summary - Response time data for large passenger ferries and cruise ships. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, p. 91. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

response time, ship evacuation, SAFEGUARD Project, maritime vessels response time, data collection, passenger safety, maritime, vessels, computing models, passenger response time

Brown, Robert, Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2012) IMO Information Paper - Response time data for large passenger ferries and cruise ships. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. IMO Information Papers (First). The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 92-96. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

ship evacuation, SAFEGUARD Project, congestion, maritime vessels, fire protection, MSC Circ 1238

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y., Breuillard, A. and Cassez, A. (2012) IMO INF Paper Summary - The SAFEGUARD enhanced scenarios and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, p. 105. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y., Breuillard, A. and Cassez, A. (2012) IMO Information Paper - The SAFEGUARD enhanced scenarios and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. IMO Information Papers (Third). The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 106-110. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

ship evacuation, SAFEGUARD project, maritime vessels, MSC Circ 1238, response time, data collection, passenger safety, computing models, passenger response time

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Brown, R., Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y. and Besnard, N. (2012) IMO INF Paper Summary - The SAFEGUARD validation data-set and recommendations to IMO to update MSC/Circ.1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, p. 97. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

ship evacuation, SAFEGUARD project, maritime vessels, MSC Circ 1238, response time, data collection, passenger safety, computing models, passenger response time,

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Brown, R., Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y. and Besnard, N. (2012) IMO Information Paper - The SAFEGUARD validation data-set and recommendations to IMO to update MSC/Circ. 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. IMO Information Papers (Second). The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 98-103. ISBN 9781909024083

ship evacuation, assembly station, fire evacuation, maritime vessels, passenger ships, SAFEGUARD Project, MSC circ 1238

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I. and Hifi, Y. (2012) The SAFEGUARD fire scenario evacuation benchmark and recommendations to IMO to update MSC circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 65-82. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

ship evacuation, full-scale trial, validation data, infra-red tracking

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Brown, Robert, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 (2011) Collection of evacuation data for large passenger vessels at sea. In: Peacock, Richard D., Kuligowski, Erica D. and Averill, Jason D., (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer, New York / Dordrecht / Heidelberg / London, pp. 163-172. ISBN 978-1-4419-9724-1, (e-ISBN) 978-1-4419-9725-8 (doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_15)

ship evacuation, passenger response times

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, Steven ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Sharp, Gary, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Gwynne, Steve (2007) Safety: new model for ship evacuation. The Naval Architect. pp. 8-10. ISSN 0306-0209

signage systems, wayfinding, visibility catchment area, VCA, observation,

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, Steve, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2007) Experimental study and theoretical analysis of signage legibility distances as a function of observation angle. In: Waldau, Nathalie, Gattermann, Peter, Knoflacher, Hermann and Schreckenberg, Michael, (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. Springer Berlin, Berlin, pp. 131-143. ISBN 9783540470625 (doi:10.1007/978-3-540-47064-9_12)

tabletop exercise; evacuation modelling; evacuation simulation; natural hazard impact; preparedness training

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Anand, Veeraswamy, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 (2024) Evacuation modelling for rapid multi-hazard tabletop exercise deployment. Safety Science, 173:106438. pp. 1-18. ISSN 0925-7535 (doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106438)

unannounced evacuation trial, response phase behaviors, computer simulations

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Sauter, M., Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014 and Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2011) Investigating the impact of culture on evacuation behavior - A Turkish data-set. Fire Safety Journal, 10. pp. 709-722. (doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.10-709)

warships, evacuation, naval personnel

Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Cooney, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Boxall, P. (2007) Data collection in support of the modelling of naval vessels. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 443-454. ISBN 9783540470625 (doi:10.1007/978-3-540-47064-9_42)

wayfinding, experimental study, emergency signage, buildingEXODUS, evacuation modelling,

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2009) Experimental study of the effectiveness of emergency signage. Human Behaviour in Fire 2009 - Conference Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 289-300. ISBN 978-0-9556548-3-1

wayfinding, signage, visibility, evacuation simulation, evacuation modelling,

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, Steve, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2007) Signage legibility distances as a function of observation angle. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 17 (1). pp. 41-64. ISSN 1042-3915 (doi:10.1177/1042391507064025)