Lymperis, Lydia, Turner, Ellen, Aldridge, David, Beach, Emily, Fayaz, Mudabira, Jakcsiova, Viktoria ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4931-0688, Marshall, Sophie, McKeown, Brontë, Nash, Robert A. and Davey, Calum (2026) Assessing the impact of hybrid school visits in initial teacher education: a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial and process evaluation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 181:105731. ISSN 0742-051X (Print), 1879-2480 (Online) (doi:10.1016/j.tate.2026.105731)

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Abstract

Observing expert practice is an important aspect of Initial Teacher Education (ITE), yet creating meaningful opportunities for trainee teachers to observe strategies in real-life contexts can be challenging. Hybrid and virtual modalities offer potential to expand observation opportunities, although they present their own limitations. This study examined a hybrid model for observing and deconstructing live expert classroom practice within the context of the Intensive Training and Practice (ITaP) policy in ITE in England. Using a randomised-controlled trial, we found that hybrid school experience visits (combining virtual livestreamed observations and in-person tutor-led deconstruction) were not less effective than in-person visits for trainee learning and self-efficacy. Participants described the two modalities as working in different ways, suggesting differing mechanisms of effect, delivery considerations and areas to strengthen both approaches. The findings support ITE providers in making judicious and informed decisions about using hybrid visits to create classroom observation opportunities.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This research was funded by the Department for Education in England. Research was conducted by the National Institute of Teaching.
Uncontrolled Keywords:	initial teacher education, classroom observation, virtual visit, ITaP, hybrid learning
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) L Education > L Education (General)
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Inequalities Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM)
Last Modified:	13 Jul 2026 11:40
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/53944

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