Jackson, Gavin J., Lu, Hua ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-6562, Durairaj, Raj, Hoo, Nick, Bailey, Chris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-3879, Ekere, Ndy N. and Wright, Jon (2004) Intermetallic phase detection in lead-free solders using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Journal of Electronic Materials, 33 (12). pp. 1524-1529. ISSN 0361-5235 (Print), 1543-186X (Online) (doi:10.1007/s11664-004-0094-x)

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Abstract

The high-intensity, high-resolution x-ray source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has been used in x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments to detect intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in lead-free solder bumps. The IMCs found in 95.5Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu solder bumps on Cu pads with electroplated-nickel immersion-gold (ENIG) surface finish are consistent with results based on traditional destructive methods. Moreover, after positive identification of the IMCs from the diffraction data, spatial distribution plots over the entire bump were obtained. These spatial distributions for selected intermetallic phases display the layer thickness and confirm the locations of the IMCs. For isothermally aged solder samples, results have shown that much thicker layers of IMCs have grown from the pad interface into the bulk of the solder. Additionally, the XRD technique has also been used in a temperature-resolved mode to observe the formation of IMCs, in situ, during the solidification of the solder joint. The results demonstrate that the XRD technique is very attractive as it allows for nondestructive investigations to be performed on expensive state-of-the-art electronic components, thereby allowing new, lead-free materials to be fully characterized.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	[1] Accepted: 25 June 2004. [2] Special Issue Paper
Uncontrolled Keywords:	X-ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron, intermetallic compounds (IMCs), lead-free solder, reliability, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA76 Computer software Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Pre-2014 Departments:	School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences > Centre for Numerical Modelling & Process Analysis School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences > Centre for Numerical Modelling & Process Analysis > Computational Mechanics & Reliability Group School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences > Department of Computer Systems Technology School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences > Department of Mathematical Sciences
Related URLs:	Publisher Publisher Organisation
Last Modified:	20 Mar 2019 11:54
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/842

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