Akoton, Romaric, Sovegnon, Pierre Marie, Djihinto, Oswald Y., Medjigbodo, Adandé A., Agonhossou, Romuald, Adegnika, Ayola Akim, Gibson, Gabriella, Djouaka, Rousseau, Hawkes, Frances ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-3702 and Djogbénou, Luc S. (2025) Using non-insecticidal traps indoors can complement insecticide-treated nets to target resistant malaria vectors. Parasites & Vectors, 18:166. ISSN 1756-3305 (Online) (doi:10.1186/s13071-025-06759-2)

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Abstract

Background: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) provide protection against malaria vectors through their insecticidal action and as a physical barrier. However, insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors has diminished their efficacy, threatening future malaria control. To reinforce ITNs’ effectiveness, evaluating non-insecticide-based tools in an integrated control approach is worthwhile. In the present study, a mosquito collection technique, the Host Decoy Trap (HDT), was coupled with standard ITNs as a complementary intervention, and its effectiveness against insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. was assessed in experimental huts.
Methods: An HDT combined with either permethrin or deltamethrin-treated nets was tested against field-collected Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Za-Kpota (Benin Republic) in experimental hut trials following WHO Phase II guidelines. Effectiveness was assessed in terms of mosquito mortality, blood feeding and exophily rates. Prior to hut trials, an insecticide susceptibility test was performed on field-collected Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes to screen for pyrethroid resistance.
Results: A significantly higher mortality rate was observed against both susceptible and field-collected An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes when ITNs were used with HDT (ranging from 80.18 to 99.78%) compared to alone (2.44 to 100%). The combined use of treated nets with HDT resulted in a lower rate (ranging from 0 to 10.83%) of blood feeding compared to the treated nets alone (ranging from 0 to 16.93%). When treated nets were hung next to the HDT, they significantly limit the number of insecticide resistant mosquitoes that exit experimental huts in comparison to the nets alone.
Conclusion: The use of HDT alongside ITNs has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the likelihood of vector-host contact by insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae. A combination of HDT and treated nets reduced the number of live An. gambiae mosquitoes, as well as blood feeding rate. Furthermore, it reduced the number of mosquitoes likely to leave the huts and enter the natural environment. Altogether, our findings highlight the potential of integrated approaches combining non-insecticidal trapping devices with ITNs when designing future integrated vector control strategies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	host decoy trap, pyrethroid resistance, insecticide-treated nets, vector control, anopheles gambiae s.l.
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QR Microbiology S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Centre for Sustainable Agriculture 4 One Health > Behavioural Ecology Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Centre for Sustainable Agriculture 4 One Health
Last Modified:	15 May 2025 12:02
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/49183

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