Choi, MJ, Yang, JW, Lee, S, Kim, JY, Oh, JW, Lee, J, Stubbs, B, Lee, KH, Koyanagi, A, Hong, SH, Ghayda, RA, Hwang, J, Dragioti, E, Jacob, L, Carvalho, AF, Radua, J, Thompson, Trevor ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-782X, Smith, L, Fornaro, M, Stickley, A, Bettac, EL, Han, YJ, Kronbichler, A, Yon, DK, Lee, SW, Shin, JI, Lee, E and Solmi, M (2021) Suicide associated with COVID-19 infection: an immunological point of view. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 25 (20). pp. 6397-6407. ISSN 1128-3602 (Print), 1128-3602 (Online) (doi:10.26355/eurrev_202110_27013)

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and leading cause of death. Beyond the deaths directly caused by the virus and the suicides related to the psychological response to the dramatic changes as socioeconomic related to the pandemic, there might also be suicides related to the inflammatory responses of the infection. Infection induces inflammation as a cytokine storm, and there is an increasing number of studies that report a relationship between infection and suicide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the World Health Organization status report and the PubMed database for keywords (COVID-19, suicide, infection, inflammation, cytokines), and reviewed five cytokine pathways between suicide and inflammation using two meta-analyses and two observational studies starting from November 31, 2020, focusing on the relationship between suicide and inflammation by infection. First, we discussed existing evidence explaining the relationship between suicidal behaviors and inflammation. Second, we summarized the inflammatory features found in COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlight the potential for these factors to affect the risk of suicide in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Patients infected with COVID-19 have high amounts of IL-1?, IFN-?, IP10, and MCP1, which may lead to Th1 cell response activation. Also, Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) were increased in COVID-19 infection. In COVID-19 patients, neurological conditions, like headache, dizziness, ataxia, seizures, and others have been observed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic can serve as a significant environmental factor contributing directly to increased suicide risk; the role of inflammation by an infection should not be overlooked.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Unmapped bibliographic data: JA - Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci [Field not mapped to EPrints]
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COVID-19, suicide, infection, inflammation, cytokine
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM)
Related URLs:	Publisher http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34730221
Last Modified:	05 Jan 2022 12:22
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/34686

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