Lee, San ORCID: 0000-0003-4834-8463, Lee, Keum Hwa ORCID: 0000-0002-1511-9587, Park, Kyung Mee, Park, Sung Jong, Kim, Won Jae, Lee, Jinhee, Kronbichler, Andreas, Smith, Lee, Solmi, Marco, Stubbs, Brendon, Koyanagi, Ai, Jacob, Louis, Stickley, Andrew, Thompson, Trevor ORCID: 0000-0001-9880-782X, Dragioti, Elena, Oh, Hans, Brunoni, Andre R., Carvalho, Andre F., Radua, Joaquim, An, Suk Kyoon, Namkoong, Kee, Lee, Eun ORCID: 0000-0002-7462-0144, Shin, Jae Il ORCID: 0000-0003-2326-1820 and Fusar-Poli, Paolo (2021) Impact of data extraction errors in meta-analyses on the association between depression and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers: an umbrella review. Psychological Medicine. pp. 1-14. ISSN 0033-2917 (Print), 1469-8978 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721003767)

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Abstract

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in inflammatory biomarkers are important in depression. However, previous meta-analyses disagree on these associations, and errors in data extraction may account for these discrepancies.
Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to 14 January 2020. Meta-analyses of observational studies examining the association between depression and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were eligible. Errors were classified as follows: incorrect sample sizes, incorrectly used standard deviation, incorrect participant inclusion, calculation error, or analysis with insufficient data. We determined their impact on the results after correction thereof.
Results: Errors were noted in 14 of the 15 meta-analyses included. Across 521 primary studies, 118 (22.6%) showed the following errors: incorrect sample sizes (20 studies, 16.9%), incorrect use of standard deviation (35 studies, 29.7%), incorrect participant inclusion (7 studies, 5.9%), calculation errors (33 studies, 28.0%), and analysis with insufficient data (23 studies, 19.5%). After correcting these errors, 11 (29.7%) out of 37 pooled effect sizes changed by a magnitude of more than 0.1, ranging from 0.11 to 1.15. The updated meta-analyses showed that elevated levels of TNF- α, IL-6, CRP, but not IL-1β, are associated with depression.
Conclusions: These findings show that data extraction errors in meta-analyses can impact findings. Efforts to reduce such errors are important in studies of the association between depression and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, for which high heterogeneity and conflicting results have been continuously reported.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	data extraction error; depression; inflammatory biomarker; meta-analysis; umbrella review.
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RB Pathology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM)
Related URLs:	Publisher
Last Modified:	10 May 2022 01:38
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/34685

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