Rossato, Claire ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-5435, Uphill, Mark and Basevitch, Itay (2016) Challenge and Threat: A pattern? In: Assocation for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) 31st Annual Conference, September 28, 2016 – October 1, 2016, Arizona Grand Resort, Phoenix, Arizona. (Unpublished)

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Abstract

Introduction
There is some contention within the existing literature examining Challenge and Threat in a sport context. It is suggested that Challenge and Threat can be experienced simultaneously (Cerin, 2003; Meijen et al, 2013); however this has been seldom examined. Based upon the suggestions of The Theory of Challenge and Threat in Athletes model (TCTSA; Jones et al, 2009) Challenge and Threat result in differing sport performance and have an impact upon emotions experienced. Challenge and Threat self-report was examined alongside shooting performance and emotions.

Methodology
One hundred and two participants (mean age=26.82, SD=10.01) were recruited for the study. A quasi-experimental study was implemented. Self-report of Challenge and Threat were collected alongside emotions via the Sport Emotion Questionnaire (Jones et al, 2005) with reference to a shooting task.

Results
There was a significant proportion of variance accounted for by Challenge and shooting performance (R²=.42, p<0.05). As Challenge report increased, shooting performance decreased (ß=-.204, p<0.05). Moreover, when Challenge and Threat patterns were examined, the analysis indicated that moderate Challenge/low Threat had a more facilitative performance in the shooting task (Mean=7.96, SD=1.49) compared to all of the other combinations of Challenge and Threat patterns. In regards to emotion moderate Challenge/low Threat reported lower amounts of happiness (mean=1.32, SD=.88) and excitement (mean 1.42, SD=68) and moderate Challenge/moderate Threat reported more anxiety (mean=2.05, SD=.69) than all of the other group combinations.

Conclusion
The study support suggestions that patterns of Challenge and Threat can have an impact upon performance, moreover emotions also differ between different patterns of Challenge and Threat. Future research should examine patterns of Challenge and Threat and the potential impact this has upon central tenants of the TCTSA model for example control. This study has implications for application to the applied field as the influence of Challenge and Threat has been shown to have an impact upon sporting performance.

Item Type:	Conference or Conference Paper (Paper)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Challenge; Threat; Stress; Sport; Appraisal
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > School of Human Sciences (HUM) Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences > Institute for Lifecourse Development > Centre for Exercise Activity and Rehabilitation
Last Modified:	22 Nov 2021 11:49
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16391

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