Article

Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Veeraswamy, Anand, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Marzoli, Marcello ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-388X and Marsella, Stefano (2025) Implementing notification strategies in the urbanEXODUS large-scale evacuation model. Safety Science, 187. p. 106854. ISSN 0925-7535 (Print), 1879-1042 (Online) (doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2025.106854)

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Anand, Veeraswamy, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 (2024) Evacuation modelling for rapid multi-hazard tabletop exercise deployment. Safety Science, 173:106438. pp. 1-18. ISSN 0925-7535 (doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106438)

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2011) Experimental analysis of the effectiveness of emergency signage and its implementation in evacuation simulation. Fire and Materials, 36 (5-6). pp. 367-382. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:10.1002/fam.1095)

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, Steve, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2007) Signage legibility distances as a function of observation angle. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 17 (1). pp. 41-64. ISSN 1042-3915 (doi:10.1177/1042391507064025)

Book Section

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Ewer, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2023) Trapped on the seashore, seaborne evacuation, impact of exposure to PM2.5: demonstration of the urbanEXODUS evacuation model. In: Chalaris, Michail, (ed.) The Challenges of Disaster Planning Management, and Resilience. Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation . Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 339-457. ISBN 979-8886972290 (doi:10.52305/QURT7964)

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2009) Experimental study of the effectiveness of emergency signage. Human Behaviour in Fire 2009 - Conference Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 289-300. ISBN 978-0-9556548-3-1

Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, Steve, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2007) Experimental study and theoretical analysis of signage legibility distances as a function of observation angle. In: Waldau, Nathalie, Gattermann, Peter, Knoflacher, Hermann and Schreckenberg, Michael, (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. Springer Berlin, Berlin, pp. 131-143. ISBN 9783540470625 (doi:10.1007/978-3-540-47064-9_12)

Conference Proceedings

Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Pellacini, Veronica, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2022) The development of pedestrian gap acceptance and midblock pedestrian road crossing behavior utilizing SUMO. In: SUMO User Conference 2021. 13 – 15 September 2021, Virtual Event. SUMO Conference Proceedings, 2 . TIB Open Publishing (Technische Informationsbibliothek) - DLR Institute of Transportation Systems, Hannover, Germany, pp. 33-51. ISSN 2750-4425 (Online) (doi:10.52825/scp.v2i.90)

Galea, Edwin Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Finney, Kate and Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2013) The development and validation of a rail car evacuation. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2013: 13th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1023-1034. ISBN 9780955654893

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y., Breuillard, A. and Cassez, A. (2012) IMO INF Paper Summary - The SAFEGUARD enhanced scenarios and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, p. 105. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y., Breuillard, A. and Cassez, A. (2012) IMO Information Paper - The SAFEGUARD enhanced scenarios and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. IMO Information Papers (Third). The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 106-110. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Grandison, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1605, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Nicholls, I. and Hifi, Y. (2012) The SAFEGUARD fire scenario evacuation benchmark and recommendations to IMO to update MSC circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 65-82. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

Nicholls, I., Hifi, Y., Lee, B.S., Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Deere, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-2014, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Sharp, G. (2012) The SAFEGUARD heel scenario evacuation benchmark and recommendations to IMO to update MSC Circ 1238. In: SAFEGUARD Passenger Evacuation Seminar. 30 November 2012. London, UK. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 83-90. ISBN 978-1-909024-08-3

Kinsey, Michael J., Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Hulse, Lynn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-3520, Day, Rachel and Sharp, Gary (2010) Modelling pedestrian escalator behaviour. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin / Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 689-695. ISBN 978-3-642-04503-5 (print), 978-3-642-04503-5 (eISBN) (doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2_66)

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2008) Simulating the interaction of occupants with signage systems. In: Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium. IAFSS Symposiums (9). International Association for Fire Safety Science, London, UK, pp. 389-400. ISSN 1817-4299 (doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-389)

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2004) The simulation of ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference 2004. Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference, 1/14-14/14.

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2003) Simulating ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2003: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 159-171. ISBN 1904521088

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, Steve, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Ewer, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X, Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554, Hurst, Nathan and Mawhinney, Robert (2003) The application of fire and evacuation simulation in ship design. In: 2nd International EuroConference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries. COMPIT '03. COMPIT, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 55-69.

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Sharp, G, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Glen, Ian (2002) The development of an advanced ship evacuation simulation software product and associated large scale testing facility for the collection of human shipboard behaviour data. In: RINA. International Conference. Human Factors in Ship Design and Operation, 2-3 October 2002. Papers. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, UK, pp. 37-50. ISBN 9780903055819

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, S., Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 and Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 (2001) Predicting the evacuation performance of passenger ships using computer simulation. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2001: 9th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 853-864. ISBN 0953231291

Conference or Conference Paper

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Ewer, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X (2022) Trapped on the seashore, seaborne evacuation, and impact of exposure to PM2.5: Live demonstration of the urbanEXODUS large-scale evacuation model. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Planning, Challenges of Disaster Management and Resilience (ICPCDMR), 11th - 13th February 2022, Athens and online.

Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Hulse, Lynn ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-3520, Veeraswamy, Anand and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2021) Large-scale evacuations: they worked last time. Will they work again? In: SafeGreece 2021: 8th International Conference on Civil Protection & New Technologies, 24th - 26th November 2021, Greece and online.

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Gwynne, Steve, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2003) Predicting the performance of passenger ships using computer simulation. In: Fire Safety and Survivability, Applied Vehicle Technology (AVT) Panel Symposium, 23-26 September 2002, Aalborg, Denmark.

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Ewer, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-272X, Wang, Z. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-0554, Hurst, N. and Mawhinney, R. (2003) Fire safety engineering and ship design using advanced fire and evacuation simulation. In: 1st International Conference – Fire on Ships: Prevention, Detection and Control on Ships and Offshore Structures, 11-12 Mar 2003, London, UK.

Monograph

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Filippidis, Lazaros, Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 and Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 (2025) Investigating the expanded use of modelling and simulation for evacuation certifications using the airEXODUS Aircraft Evacuation Simulation Software. Project Report. Office of Aerospace Medicine, United States Federal Aviation Administration, Washington D.C., United States of America. (doi:10.21949/1529685)

Galea, Edwin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042 (2024) Investigating the impact of retrieval of carry-on luggage by passengers on aircraft evacuation using the airEXODUS aircraft evacuation simulation software [Report Number : DOT/FAA/24/19]. Technical Report. United States Department of Transportation - Federal Aviation Administration - Office of Aviation - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Washington, DC. (doi:10.21949/1529674)

Galea, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, Steve, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, Darren ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Cooney, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2015) buildingEXODUS V6.2 Technical Manual and User Guide. Manual. University of Greenwich, Greenwich, London, UK.

Galea, E. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024, Finney, K. and Cooney, D. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2014) Passenger train emergency systems: development of prototype railEXODUS software for U.S. passenger rail car egress. Technical Report. Fire Safety Engineering Group (FSEG).

Galea, E.R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Blackshields, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-0024 and Cooney, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-0315 (2013) buildingEXODUS v6.0. Manual. Fire Safety Engineering Group, School of Computing, Mathematics and Statistics, Greenwich, London. (Unpublished)