Abou Elez, Rasha M. M., Zahra, Eman Mohamed Fayek, Gharieb, Rasha M. A., Mohamed, Mohamed Elsayed Mohamed, Samir, Mohamed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-0480, Saad, Alaaeldin Mohamed and Merwad, Abdallah Mohamed Amin (2024) Resistance patterns, virulence determinants, and biofilm genes of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fish and fish handlers. Scientific Reports, 14:24063. ISSN 2045-2322 (Online) (doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73917-4)

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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely distributed in aquatic environments and causes major economic losses in fish and public health hazards.This study aimed to identify the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in samples collected from fish and fish handlers, and to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence determinants, and biofilm genes of P. aeruginosa isolates. A total of 276 samples were cross-sectionally collected from Nile tilapia (53), Golden grey mullet (52), Mediterranean horse mackerel (50), Striped red mullet (71), and fish handlers (50) at five different retail fish markets in Damietta Governorate, Egypt. Pseudomonas species (spp.) were biochemically identified in 57.9% of the total examined samples. Peudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent species isolated from the fish and human samples via PCR technique. Peudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibited full resistance (100%) to tobramycin (TOB), gentamicin (CN), and colistin (CL), with a high level of susceptibility (88.5%) to imipenem (IPM) using the disk diffusion method. Most P. aeruginosa isolates (84.6%) exhibited drug resistance, with 61.5% were multidrug resistance (MDR) and 23.1% were extensive drug resistance (XDR). Most isolates had at least four virulence-associated genes ( las B, tox A, exo U, and opr L) and three biofilm genes ( psI A, peI A, and las R) by using uniplex PCR. The las I, and rhl R Quorum Sensing (QS) genes were identified in 84.6% and 61.5% in the examined P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The highest mortality rate in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa isolate encoding most of virulent genes. Multivariate analyses revealed high heterogeneity among the examined isolates. This study revealed the emergence of virulent and drug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in fish, poses high risks to consumers and food. Thus, strict hygienic measures should be considered when catching, handling, and storing fish, in addition to the routine application of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
Uncontrolled Keywords:	P. aeruginosa , Antimicrobial resistance, microbial virulence, machine learning
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > School of Science (SCI)
Last Modified:	01 Apr 2026 11:27
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/52764

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