Cannizzaro, Valeria Benedetta, Piazza, Anna ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-6948, Ghinoi, Stefano and Vasudevan, Srinidhi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-9112 (2026) Institutional pressures and ESG disclosure similarity: an analysis of European shareholder. Management Decision (MD). ISSN 0025-1747 (Online) (In Press)

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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reorient scholarly attention from regulatory ESG disclosure to voluntary disclosure practices through shareholder letters, which are directly written by corporate leaders without predetermined reporting templates. Specifically, this study investigates how institutional pressures (i.e., coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures) lead European firms to report similar ESG topics in shareholder letters. This work seeks to inform managers and policymakers on how to strategically navigate the institutional pressures in voluntary ESG topic disclosure.
Design/methodology/approach: We build our approach on neo-institutional theory, underlining the role of institutional pressures in shaping voluntary ESG disclosure. We use a cross-sectional research design based on 156 shareholder letters from firms listed on the STOXX Europe 600 Index in the 2022 financial year.
Findings: Our findings reveal that only normative isomorphism, operationalised through cultural cluster membership, is significantly associated with the level of similarity in ESG disclosure. Contrary to theoretical expectations, neither coercive pressure from EU regulatory frameworks nor mimetic pressure from sector affiliation demonstrates statistically significant associations with voluntary ESG disclosure
patterns. These findings suggest that when firms have greater narrative freedom in disclosure, cultural values are more strongly associated with ESG communication strategies than regulatory requirements or industry-based imitation.
Originality: This research contributes to the existing literature by focusing on an unexamined voluntary disclosure practice on ESG, such as shareholder letters. By employing a relational approach, our work provides new insights into how coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures can facilitate reporting similar ESG activities between European firms.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	shareholder letters, neo-institutional theory, discourse network analysis, ESG disclosure, institutional pressures
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Greenwich Business School Greenwich Business School > Networks and Urban Systems Centre (NUSC) Greenwich Business School > School of Business, Operations and Strategy
Last Modified:	03 Mar 2026 16:31
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/52577

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