Saeed, Muhammad Asfar, Nwajana, Augustine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6591-5269 and Ahmad, Muneeb (2025) Compact and high-efficiency linear six-element mm-wave antenna array with integrated power divider for 5G wireless communication. Electronics, 14 (15):2933. ISSN 2079-9292 (Online) (doi:10.3390/electronics14152933)

Preview

PDF (Open Access Article) 50870 NWAJANA_Compact_And_High-Efficiency_Linear_Six-Element_MM-Wave_Antenna_Array_With_Integrated_Power_Divider_For_5G_Wireless_Communication_(OA)_2025.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (3MB) | Preview

Abstract

Millimeter-wave frequencies are crucial for meeting the high-capacity, low-latency demands of 5G communication systems, thereby driving the need for compact, high-gain antenna arrays capable of efficient beamforming. This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of a compact, high-efficiency 1 × 6 linear series-fed microstrip patch antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave communication operating at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-loss Rogers RO3003 substrate and incorporates an integrated symmetric two-way microstrip power divider to ensure balanced feeding and phase uniformity across elements. The antenna achieves a simulated peak gain of 11.5 dBi and a broad simulated impedance bandwidth of 30.21%, with measured results confirming strong impedance matching and a return loss better than −20 dB. The far-field radiation patterns demonstrate a narrow, highly directive beam in the E-plane, and the H-plane results reveal beam tilting behavior, validating the antenna’s capability for passive beam steering through feedline geometry and element spacing (~0.5λ). Surface current distribution analysis confirms uniform excitation and efficient radiation, further validating the design’s stability. The fabricated prototype shows excellent agreement with the simulation, with minor discrepancies attributed to fabrication tolerances. These results establish the proposed antenna as a promising candidate for applications requiring compact, high-gain, and beam-steerable solutions, such as 5G mm-wave wireless communication systems, point-to-point wireless backhaul, and automotive radar sensing.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in MIMO Systems. The research paper is supported by University of Greenwich and by the Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project (Dept. of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology).
Uncontrolled Keywords:	millimeter-wave, microstrip patch array, series-fed array, beamforming, passive beam steering, power divider integration, 5G communication, Ka-band (28 GHz) applications, high-gain antenna, surface current distribution, antenna array fabrication, directional radiation pattern
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > School of Engineering (ENG)
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 06:35
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/50870

Actions (login required)

View Item

Downloads