Hassell, James M. ORCID: 0000-0002-4710-2827, Muloi, Dishon M., VanderWaal, Kimberly L. ORCID: 0000-0002-5764-6430, Ward, Melissa J., Bettridge, Judy ORCID: 0000-0002-3917-4660, Gitahi, Nduhiu ORCID: 0000-0001-6302-5908, Ouko, Tom, Imboma, Titus, Akoko, James, Karani, Maurice ORCID: 0000-0001-6467-4352, Muinde, Patrick ORCID: 0000-0003-3907-7710, Nakamura, Yukiko ORCID: 0000-0002-3379-0526, Alumasa, Lorren ORCID: 0000-0002-1723-0510, Furmaga, Erin, Kaitho, Titus, Amanya, Fredrick, Ogendo, Allan, Fava, Francesco ORCID: 0000-0003-3748-7417, Wee, Bryan A., Phan, Hang, Kiiru, John, Kang’ethe, Erastus, Kariuki, Sam ORCID: 0000-0003-3209-9503, Robinson, Timothy, Begon, Michael ORCID: 0000-0003-1715-5327, Woolhouse, Mark E. J. and Fèvre, Eric M. ORCID: 0000-0001-8931-4986 (2023) Epidemiological connectivity between humans and animals across an urban landscape. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120 (29):e2218860120. pp. 1-12. ISSN 0027-8424 (Print), 1091-6490 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218860120)

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Abstract

Urbanization is predicted to be a key driver of disease emergence through human exposure to novel, animal-borne pathogens. However, while we suspect that urban landscapes are primed to expose people to novel animal-borne diseases, evidence for the mechanisms by which this occurs is lacking. To address this, we studied how bacterial genes are shared between wild animals, livestock, and humans (n = 1,428) across Nairobi, Kenya—one of the world’s most rapidly developing cities. Applying a multilayer network framework, we show that low biodiversity (of both natural habitat and vertebrate wildlife communities), coupled with livestock management practices and more densely populated urban environments, promotes sharing of Escherichia coli–borne bacterial mobile genetic elements between animals and humans. These results provide empirical support for hypotheses linking resource provision, the biological simplification of urban landscapes, and human and livestock demography to urban dynamics of cross-species pathogen transmission at a landscape scale. Urban areas where high densities of people and livestock live in close association with synanthropes (species such as rodents that are more competent reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens) should be prioritized for disease surveillance and control.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	E coli; mobile genetic elements; urbanization
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Agriculture, Health & Environment Department
Last Modified:	08 Sep 2023 13:36
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/44058

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