Idol, Travis, Haggar, Jeremy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-4879 and Cox, Linda (2011) Ecosystem services from smallholder forestry and agroforestry in the tropics. In: Campbell, W. Bruce and López Ortíz, Silvia, (eds.) Integrating Agriculture, Conservation and Ecotourism: Examples from the field. Issues in Agroecology – Present Status and Future Prospectus (1). Springer, Dordrecht / Heidelberg / London / New York, pp. 209-270. ISBN 978-94-007-1308-6 (print), 978-94-007-1309-3 (eISBN) (doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1309-3_5)

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Abstract

Smallholder forestry and agroforestry systems in the tropics provide essential products and services for millions of producers, their surrounding communities, national and international consumers, and global society. The diversity of products provided by these systems meet the needs of smallholder producers for fuelwood, food, animal fodder, and other household and farm needs; they provide additional income to supplement major commodity crops; and they offer flexibility in production and income to buffer against falling commodity prices, crop failure, or other sources of financial or economic difficulty. The sustainability of these systems is increasingly dependent upon sources of income beyond the sale of conventional products, such as price premiums from sustainability certification and agro- and ecotourism. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been developed at multiple levels to provide incentives for smallholders to conserve and enhance tree cover and management practices to provide ecosystem services such as watershed protection and carbon sequestration. Ecotourism provides an enterprise-based strategy to engage producers in conservation and enhancement of these services. This review evaluates the ability of smallholder systems to support the provision of ecosystem services (ES) and the capacity of smallholders to participate in support programs and take advantage of other emerging opportunities to support smallholder enterprises.

Item Type:	Book Section
Additional Information:	[1] Also, ISSN: 2211-2405 (print), 2211-2413 (eISSN).
Uncontrolled Keywords:	income generation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, soil fertility and nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, payment for environmental services, certification
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Agriculture, Health & Environment Department
Related URLs:	Publisher
Last Modified:	23 Apr 2019 10:41
URI:	http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/6847

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