accelerated carbonation

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

C-S-H

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

C-S-H gel

Chen, Q.Y, Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I. J., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

C3S

Chen, Q.Y, Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I. J., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

Chen, Q. Y., Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

calcium silicate hydrate

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

CAO-SIO2-H2O system

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

C–S–H gel

Chen, Q. Y., Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

electron-microscopy

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

heavy metal

Chen, Q.Y, Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I. J., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

Chen, Q. Y., Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

heavy metals

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

hydration

Chen, Q.Y, Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I. J., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

Chen, Q. Y., Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

immobilisation mechanisms

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

main clinker phases

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

polymerisation

Chen, Q.Y, Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I. J., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

Chen, Q. Y., Hills, C. D., Tyrer, M., Slipper, I., Shen, H. G. and Brough, A. (2007) Characterisation of products of tricalcium silicate hydration in the presence of heavy metals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147 (3). pp. 817-825. ISSN 0304-3894 (doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.136)

Portland cement

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

solidified waste forms

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)

tricalcium silicate

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C. D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009) Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Management, 29 (1). pp. 390-403. ISSN 0956-053X (doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.019)