A Glossary for Human and Crowd Dynamics

Adrian, Juliane, Amos, Martyn, Appert-Rolland, Cécile, Baratchi, Mitra, Bode, Nikolai, Boltes, Maik, Chatagnon, Thomas, Chraibi, Mohcine, Corbetta, Alessandro, Cuesta, Arturo, Dezecache, Guillaume, Drury, John, Echeverría-Huarte, Iñaki, Feldmann, Sina, Feliciani, Claudio, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Fu, Zhi-Jian, Geoerg, Paul, Geraerts, Roland, Haddad, Rhea, Haghani, Milad, Hofinger, Gesine, Hopkins, Nick, Hrabák, Pavel, Hunt MBE, Aoife ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8779, Jia, Xiaolu, Kinateder, Max, Kneidl, Angelika, Konya, Krisztina, Köster, Gerta, Künzer, Laura, Küpper, Mira, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Ma, Jian, Neville, Fergus, Nicolas, Alexandre, Nishinari, Katsuhiro, Ntontis, Evangelos, Olivier, Anne-Hélène, Parisi, Daniel, Pettré, Julien, Postmes, Tom, Ramachandra Rao, Kalaga, Schadschneider, Andreas, Ronchi, Enrico, Schumann, Jette, Seriani, Sebastián, Seyfried, Armin, Sieben, Anna and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition. Collective Dynamics, 10. pp. 1-32. ISSN 2366-8539 (Print), 2366-8539 (Online) (doi:10.17815/cd.2025.189)

BIM

Siddiqui, Asim Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-871X, Chanthan, Chan Sorayudh, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Digital workflows through openBIM for Fire Safety Engineering. In: INTERFLAM 2025: 16th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Poster papers, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, pp. 1801-1810.

building fire

Ronchi, Enrico, Kapalo, Katelynn, Bode, Nikolai, Boyce, Karen, Cuesta, Arturo, Feng, Yan, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Geoerg, Paul, Gwynne, Steve, Kennedy, Eric B., Kinateder, Max, Kinsey, Michael, Kuligowski, Erica, Köster, Gerta, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Mossberg, Axel, Ono, Rosaria, Spearpoint, Michael, Strahan, Ken and Wong, Stephen D. (2024) Determinants of gaps in human behaviour in fire research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01625-6)

building safety

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

decision-making

Spearpoint, Michael, Templeton, Anne, Gwynne, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-3897, Nash, Claire, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168 and Kimball, Amanda (2025) Evaluating guidance on fire evacuation from high‑rise residential buildings using Dr Rita Fahy’s research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (Print), 1572-8099 (Online) (doi:10.1007/s10694-025-01756-4)

digital workflows

Siddiqui, Asim Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-871X, Chanthan, Chan Sorayudh, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Digital workflows through openBIM for Fire Safety Engineering. In: INTERFLAM 2025: 16th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Poster papers, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, pp. 1801-1810.

disabilities

Spearpoint, Michael, Templeton, Anne, Gwynne, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-3897, Nash, Claire, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168 and Kimball, Amanda (2025) Evaluating guidance on fire evacuation from high‑rise residential buildings using Dr Rita Fahy’s research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (Print), 1572-8099 (Online) (doi:10.1007/s10694-025-01756-4)

egress

Gwynne, Steven M.V., Kuligowski, Erica and Spearpoint, Michael (2012) More thoughts on defaults. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 9-23. ISBN 9780955654886

egress models

Gwynne, Steven M.V., Kuligowski, Erica and Spearpoint, Michael (2012) More thoughts on defaults. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 9-23. ISBN 9780955654886

evacuation

Ronchi, Enrico, Kapalo, Katelynn, Bode, Nikolai, Boyce, Karen, Cuesta, Arturo, Feng, Yan, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Geoerg, Paul, Gwynne, Steve, Kennedy, Eric B., Kinateder, Max, Kinsey, Michael, Kuligowski, Erica, Köster, Gerta, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Mossberg, Axel, Ono, Rosaria, Spearpoint, Michael, Strahan, Ken and Wong, Stephen D. (2024) Determinants of gaps in human behaviour in fire research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01625-6)

Gwynne, Steven M.V., Kuligowski, Erica and Spearpoint, Michael (2012) More thoughts on defaults. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 9-23. ISBN 9780955654886

evacuation modelling

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

fire modelling

Siddiqui, Asim Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-871X, Chanthan, Chan Sorayudh, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Digital workflows through openBIM for Fire Safety Engineering. In: INTERFLAM 2025: 16th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Poster papers, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, pp. 1801-1810.

fire safety

Ronchi, Enrico, Kapalo, Katelynn, Bode, Nikolai, Boyce, Karen, Cuesta, Arturo, Feng, Yan, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Geoerg, Paul, Gwynne, Steve, Kennedy, Eric B., Kinateder, Max, Kinsey, Michael, Kuligowski, Erica, Köster, Gerta, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Mossberg, Axel, Ono, Rosaria, Spearpoint, Michael, Strahan, Ken and Wong, Stephen D. (2024) Determinants of gaps in human behaviour in fire research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01625-6)

FSE

Siddiqui, Asim Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-871X, Chanthan, Chan Sorayudh, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Digital workflows through openBIM for Fire Safety Engineering. In: INTERFLAM 2025: 16th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Poster papers, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, pp. 1801-1810.

human behaviour in fire

Ronchi, Enrico, Kapalo, Katelynn, Bode, Nikolai, Boyce, Karen, Cuesta, Arturo, Feng, Yan, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Geoerg, Paul, Gwynne, Steve, Kennedy, Eric B., Kinateder, Max, Kinsey, Michael, Kuligowski, Erica, Köster, Gerta, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Mossberg, Axel, Ono, Rosaria, Spearpoint, Michael, Strahan, Ken and Wong, Stephen D. (2024) Determinants of gaps in human behaviour in fire research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01625-6)

large language models

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

openBIM

Siddiqui, Asim Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-871X, Chanthan, Chan Sorayudh, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231 and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Digital workflows through openBIM for Fire Safety Engineering. In: INTERFLAM 2025: 16th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Poster papers, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd., Royal Holloway, University of London, UK, pp. 1801-1810.

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

pedestrian and crowd dynamic

Adrian, Juliane, Amos, Martyn, Appert-Rolland, Cécile, Baratchi, Mitra, Bode, Nikolai, Boltes, Maik, Chatagnon, Thomas, Chraibi, Mohcine, Corbetta, Alessandro, Cuesta, Arturo, Dezecache, Guillaume, Drury, John, Echeverría-Huarte, Iñaki, Feldmann, Sina, Feliciani, Claudio, Filippidis, Lazaros ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-0042, Fu, Zhi-Jian, Geoerg, Paul, Geraerts, Roland, Haddad, Rhea, Haghani, Milad, Hofinger, Gesine, Hopkins, Nick, Hrabák, Pavel, Hunt MBE, Aoife ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8779, Jia, Xiaolu, Kinateder, Max, Kneidl, Angelika, Konya, Krisztina, Köster, Gerta, Künzer, Laura, Küpper, Mira, Lawrence, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Ma, Jian, Neville, Fergus, Nicolas, Alexandre, Nishinari, Katsuhiro, Ntontis, Evangelos, Olivier, Anne-Hélène, Parisi, Daniel, Pettré, Julien, Postmes, Tom, Ramachandra Rao, Kalaga, Schadschneider, Andreas, Ronchi, Enrico, Schumann, Jette, Seriani, Sebastián, Seyfried, Armin, Sieben, Anna and Spearpoint, Michael (2025) Glossary for Research on Human Crowd Dynamics - 2nd Edition. Collective Dynamics, 10. pp. 1-32. ISSN 2366-8539 (Print), 2366-8539 (Online) (doi:10.17815/cd.2025.189)

pre-evacuation

Spearpoint, Michael, Templeton, Anne, Gwynne, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-3897, Nash, Claire, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168 and Kimball, Amanda (2025) Evaluating guidance on fire evacuation from high‑rise residential buildings using Dr Rita Fahy’s research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (Print), 1572-8099 (Online) (doi:10.1007/s10694-025-01756-4)

regulations

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

retrieval-augmented generation

Rafe, Amir, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-0231, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Spearpoint, Michael and Singleton, Patrick A. (2025) Enhancing occupant evacuation simulation using LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation. In: International Conference on Transportation and Development 2025: Transportation Safety and Emerging Technologies Proceedings (ICTD 2025). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia, US, pp. 389-400. ISBN 978-0784486191 (doi:10.1061/9780784486191.034)

simulations

Spearpoint, Michael, Templeton, Anne, Gwynne, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2758-3897, Nash, Claire, Xie, Hui ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-2168 and Kimball, Amanda (2025) Evaluating guidance on fire evacuation from high‑rise residential buildings using Dr Rita Fahy’s research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (Print), 1572-8099 (Online) (doi:10.1007/s10694-025-01756-4)

wildfire

Ronchi, Enrico, Kapalo, Katelynn, Bode, Nikolai, Boyce, Karen, Cuesta, Arturo, Feng, Yan, Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-6665, Geoerg, Paul, Gwynne, Steve, Kennedy, Eric B., Kinateder, Max, Kinsey, Michael, Kuligowski, Erica, Köster, Gerta, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Mossberg, Axel, Ono, Rosaria, Spearpoint, Michael, Strahan, Ken and Wong, Stephen D. (2024) Determinants of gaps in human behaviour in fire research. Fire Technology. ISSN 0015-2684 (doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01625-6)