Aircraft fire; Fire investigation; Fire simulation; Evacuation simulation; Forensic analysis

Galea, E. R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2017) Numerical investigation of the fatal 1985 Manchester Airport B737 fire. Aeronautical Journal, 121:1237. pp. 287-319. ISSN 0001-9240 (Print), 2059-6464 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2016.122)

CFD; Wells-Riley equation; COVID-19; infection probability; passenger train

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Grandison, Angus ORCID: 0000-0002-9714-1605 , Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X and Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2021) A coupled computational fluid dynamics and Wells-Riley model to predict COVID-19 infection probability for passengers on long-distance trains. Safety Science, 147:105572. ISSN 0925-7535 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105572)

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2; public and global health

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Grandison, Angus ORCID: 0000-0002-9714-1605 , Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X and Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2021) Inflight transmission of COVID-19 based on experimental aerosol dispersion data. Journal of Travel Medicine, 28 (4):taab023. ISSN 1195-1982 (Print), 1708-8305 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab023)

Computational Fluid Dynamics, (CFD), SMARTFIRE, C-133 test, aircraft cabin, flashover, fire simulations

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2013) Computational fluid dynamics simulation of a post-crash aircraft fire test. Journal of Aircraft, 50 (1). pp. 164-175. ISSN 0021-8669 (Print), 1533-3868 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C031845)

Fire investigation; Forensics; Shooting range fire; Fire simulation; Evacuation simulation; Response time

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, Edwin Richard ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Choi, Jun-Ho (2017) A forensic analysis of a fatal fire in an indoor shooting range using coupled fire and evacuation modelling tools. Fire Safety Journal, 91. pp. 892-900. ISSN 0379-7112 (Print), 1873-7226 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.029)

ISO 19700, BS 7900, IEC 60695-7-50, toxicity, tube furnace, local equivalence ratio (LER), CFD modelling

Mahalingam, A., Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Patel, M.K. and Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2011) Numerical investigation of tube furnace toxicity measurement method (ISO 19700). Fire and Materials, 36 (1). pp. 17-30. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1079)

Manchester airport, B737 fire, evacuation, SMARTFIRE, airEXODUS

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2012) Fire and evacuation simulation of the fatal 1985 Manchester airport B737 fire. In: 5th International Symposium. Human Behaviour in Fire 2012. Symposium Proceedings. Interscience Communications Ltd, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 159-170. ISBN 978-0-9556548-8-6

Open wide gangway; Underground train fire; Tunnel fire; Fire modelling; Evacuation modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2016) Fire safety assessment of open wide gangway underground trains in tunnels using coupled fire and evacuation simulation. Fire and Materials, 41 (6). pp. 716-737. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2413)

SMARTFIRE, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), fire field, measured temperatures, species concentrations, time to flashover, post-crash fire, various exiting combinations, airEXODUS evacuation simulation

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Togher, Madeleine, Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Lawrence, Peter ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 (2007) Predicting the likely impact of aircraft post crash fire on aircraft evacuation using fire and evacuation simulation. Proceedings of the 5th Triennial International Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference, Atlantic City, 29 Oct.-1 Nov. 2007. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington DC.

SMARTFIRE, Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, Fire Field Modelling, FFM

Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Patel, Mayur, Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Grandison, Angus ORCID: 0000-0002-9714-1605 and Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 (2010) SMARTFIRE - the fire field modelling environment. In: Pereira, J.C.F., Sequeira, A. and Pereira, J.M.C., (eds.) Proceedings of the V European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics ECCOMAS CFD 2010. European Community of Computational Methods in Applied Sciences (ECCOMAS), Barcelona, Spain. ISBN 978-989-96778-1-4

Smoke; CFD model; Soot transport model; Settling velocity; Grouping strategy; Large-scale enclosure fire.

Hu, Xiaoqin, Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2017) Grouping strategies for MPS soot transport model and its application in large-scale enclosure fires. Fire Safety Journal, 91. pp. 361-370. ISSN 0379-7112 (Print), 1873-7226 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.045)

aircraft evacuation

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2013) Exploring the appropriateness of the aviation industry evacuation certification requirements using fire and evacuation simulation. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2013: 13th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1035-1048. ISBN 9780955654893

aircraft evacuation, aircraft fire, modelling, full-scale evacuation trial

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Filippidis, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-1852-0042 , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Lawrence, P.J. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2011) Evacuation analysis of 1000+ seat blended wing body aircraft configuration: computer simulations and full-scale evacuation experiment. In: Peacock, Richard D., Kuligowski, Erica D. and Averill, Jason D., (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer USA, pp. 149-151. ISBN 9781441997241 (Print), 9781441997258 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_14)

carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, normalized yields, stoichiometric oxygen to fuel mass ratio, equivalence ratio

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2010) A generalized relationship between the normalized yields of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Fire and Materials, 35 (8). pp. 577-591. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1076)

computational aeroacoustics, multi-scale, defect correction methods

Djambazov, G.S. ORCID: 0000-0001-8812-1269 , Lai, C.-H. ORCID: 0000-0002-7558-6398 , Pericleous, K.A. ORCID: 0000-0002-7426-9999 and Wang, Z.-K. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 (2002) A coarse grid extraction of sound signals for computational aeroacoustics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 40 (12). pp. 1515-1525. ISSN 0271-2091 (Print), 1097-0363 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.408)

computer modelling, evacuation modelling, ship evacuation, fire modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Lawrence, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 , Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-1852-0042 , Blackshields, D. ORCID: 0000-0001-8940-0024 , Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2004) The simulation of ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference 2004. Fire and Safety at Sea International Conference, 1/14-14/14.

computer simulation, ship evacuation, fire modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Lawrence, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 , Gwynne, S., Filippidis, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-1852-0042 , Blackshields, D. ORCID: 0000-0001-8940-0024 , Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2003) Simulating ship evacuation under fire conditions. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2003: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference. CMS Press, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 159-171. ISBN 1904521088

enclosure fire, CFD, fire field model, carbon monoxide, local equivalence ratio

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2007) Predicting toxic gas concentrations resulting from enclosure fires using local equivalence ratio concept linked to fire field models. Fire and Materials, 31 (1). pp. 27-51. ISSN 0308-0501 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.924)

evacuation simulation, fire modelling, computer models, ship design, maritimeEXODUS, ship evacuation, SMARTFIRE

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Gwynne, Steve, Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 , Blackshields, Darren ORCID: 0000-0001-8940-0024 , Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X , Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Hurst, Nathan and Mawhinney, Robert (2003) The application of fire and evacuation simulation in ship design. In: 2nd International EuroConference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries. COMPIT '03. COMPIT, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 55-69.

field model, carbon monoxide, local equivalence ratio, remote location, toxicity, fire effluent, enclosure fire

Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Patel, M.K. (2010) Predicting toxic gas concentrations at locations remote from the fire source. Fire and Materials, 35 (7). pp. 505-526. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.1069)

fire and evacuation analysis, blended wing body (BWB) aircraft, computer simulations, large-scale evacuation, experiments

Galea, E.R ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Filippidis, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-1852-0042 , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2010) Fire and evacuation analysis in BWB aircraft configurations: Computer simulations and large-scale evacuation experiment. The Aeronautical Journal, 114 (1154). pp. 271-277. ISSN 0001-9240

fire investigation, CFD, compartment fires, egress, hazard evaluation

Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Veeraswamy, Anand, Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Lawrence, Peter J. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 and Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2008) Coupled fire/evacuation analysis of the Station Nightclub fire. In: Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium. IAFSS Symposiums (9). International Association for Fire Safety Science, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 465-476. ISSN 1817-4299 (doi:https://doi.org/10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.9-465)

fire modelling, CFD, validation, verification, mesh sensitivity, fire test

Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Patel, M.K. and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2001) Simulating one of the CIB W14 round robin test cases using the SMARTFIRE fire field model. Fire Safety Journal, 36 (7). pp. 661-677. ISSN 0379-7112 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-7112(01)00018-2)

fire modelling, computer software

Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2004) Predicting hydrogen chloride concentrations in fire enclosures using a deposition model linked to field fire models. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2004: 10th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 665-670. ISBN 0954121643

fire modelling, evacuation modelling, equivalence ratios

Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Galea, E. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2001) Applying the local equivalence ratio concept to fire field models. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2001: 9th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1409-1414. ISBN 0953231291

fire simulation, evacuation simulation, Computational Fluid Dynamics, (CFD), ship evacuation, water mist

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Lawrence, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 , Gwynne, S., Sharp, G., Hurst, N., Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2004) Integrated fire and evacuation in maritime environments. In: 2nd International Maritime Conference on Design for Safety [Proceedings]. Ship and Ocean Foundation, pp. 161-170.

fire toxicity, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, yield, flashover

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2012) Assessing levels of hydrogen cyanide in fire experiments using a generalized correlation. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 22 (3). pp. 227-240. ISSN 1042-3915 (Print), 1532-172X (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1042391512450108)

flame spread models

Hu, Xiaoqin, Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2010) Simulating a rail car fire using flame spread model. In: Interflam 2010: 12th International Fire Science & Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1725-1730. ISBN 9780954121662

flashover, ISO 9705, materials classification, room corner test

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Hu, Xiaoqin, Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2013) A two-step method for predicting time to flashover in room corner test fires using cone calorimeter data. Fire and Materials, 37 (6). pp. 457-473. ISSN 0308-0501 (Print), 1099-1018 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2139)

full scale enclosure fires, hdrogen cyanide

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2010) Predicting concentrations of hydrogen cyanide in full scale enclosure fires. Interflam 2010: 12th International Fire Science & Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 1769-1774. ISBN 978-0-9541216-6-2 (volume 2) 978-0-9556548-7-9 (set)

gases, irritants, people, evacuation modelling, chemical analysis

Galea, Ed ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 and Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 (2004) The representation of occupant sensitivity to irritant fire gases within evacuation analysis. In: Conference Proceedings: Interflam 2004: 10th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interscience Communications Ltd., Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 353-364. ISBN 0954121643

hydrogen chloride, deposition, compartment fires, fire simulation, CFD

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Patel, Mayur and Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X (2007) Predicting HCl concentrations in fire enclosures using an HCl decay model coupled to a CFD-based fire field model. Fire and Materials, 31 (7). pp. 443-461. ISSN 0308-0501 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.942)

living walls; green walls; fire; combustible materials; fire test standards; building regulations

Kotzen, Benzion ORCID: 0000-0003-3522-0460 , Galea, Edwin ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Mosco, Shelley, Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Ewer, John ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X and Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2023) Fire safety risks of external living walls and implications for regulatory guidance in England. Fire Safety Journal, 139:103816. pp. 1-14. ISSN 0379-7112 (doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103816)

local equivalence ratio, field fire modelling, carbon monoxide, Fire Enclosures

Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 (2006) The use of local equivalence ratio in field fire modelling for the prediction of carbon monoxide within Fire Enclosures. In: Workshop on Fires in Enclosures, 30-31 May 2006, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.

maritimeEXODUS, ship evacuation, SMARTFIRE, evacuation modelling

Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 , Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P. ORCID: 0000-0002-0269-0231 , Blackshields, D. ORCID: 0000-0001-8940-0024 , Ewer, J. ORCID: 0000-0003-0609-272X , Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Hurst, N. and Mawhinney, R. (2003) Fire safety engineering and ship design using advanced fire and evacuation simulation. In: 1st International Conference – Fire on Ships: Prevention, Detection and Control on Ships and Offshore Structures, 11-12 Mar 2003, London, UK.

post-crash cabin fire, Computational Fluid Dynamics, SMARTFIRE, external fuel fire, flashover time

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 (2007) A computational study of the characteristics of aircraft post-crash fires. Proceedings of the 5th Triennial International Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference, Atlantic City, 29 Oct.-1 Nov. 2007. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington DC.

smoke transport, smoke particle, CFD, drift flux model, large-scale enclosure fire

Hu, Xiaoqin, Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Patel, Mayur K. (2011) Simulating smoke transport in large scale enclosure fires using a multi-particle-size model. In: Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium. IAFSS Symposiums (10). International Association for Fire Safety Science, Greenwich, London, UK, pp. 445-458. ISSN 1817-4299 (doi:https://doi.org/10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.10-445)

toxicity, species calculation, eddy dissipation model (EDM), vitiated fires, modified EDM

Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, Fuchen ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 , Galea, Edwin R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 and Patel, Mayur (2007) Predicting toxic species concentrations in a full-scale vitiated fire. Interflam 2007 11th International Fire Science and Engineering Conference. Interflam, 2 . Interscience Communications Ltd, London, pp. 1047-1058. ISBN 9780954121693

train fire safety, ignition temperature, flame spread rate, time to flashover

Hu, X., Wang, Z. ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 , Jia, F. ORCID: 0000-0003-1850-7961 and Galea, E.R. ORCID: 0000-0002-0001-6665 (2012) Numerical investigation of fires in small rail car compartments. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 22 (4). pp. 245-270. ISSN 1042-3915 (Print), 1532-172X (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1042391512459640)

unary optimization, inexact Newton method, Cholesky factorization, preconditioned conjugate gradient method

Deng, Naiyang, Wang, Zhaozhi ORCID: 0000-0002-8986-0554 and Zhang, Jianzhong (2001) An improved inexact Newton's method for unary optimization. Optimization Methods and Software, 15 (3-4). pp. 257-282. ISSN 1055-6788 (Print), 1029-4937 (Online) (doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780108805821)