Gusmão, Almério Câmara, da Silva, Odair Diogo, Buss, Gerson, Jerusalinsky, Leandro, de Azevedo, Renata Bocorny, Ferrari, Stephen F., dos Santos Filho, Manoel and Barnett, Adrian A (2026) On the validity of Plecturocebus parecis Gusmão et al., 2019, a titi monkey described from southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. Primates, 2026 (2):e20250402. ISSN 0032-8332 (Print), 1610-7365 (Online) (doi:10.1007/s10329-026-01288-7)

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Abstract

Plecturocebus parecis was described from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, but its taxonomic status was subsequently questioned after mitochondrial evidence prompted alternative hypotheses regarding species limits within this complex. We reassessed these hypotheses using 57 occurrence records obtained from 47 localities during 18 field expeditions conducted between 2023 and 2025. Morphologically homogeneous populations exhibiting the diagnostic phenotype of P. parecis occupied a broad geographic area centred on the Juína region, whereas intermediate phenotypes were geographically restricted to peripheral portions of the distribution, particularly within the Comemoração and Roosevelt drainages. This spatially structured pattern of phenotypic variation provides stronger support for the interpretation of P. parecis as a geographically cohesive and diagnosable lineage than for hypotheses proposing a broadly hybrid population lacking taxonomic cohesion. The distributions of P. parecis, P. cinerascens, and P. bernhardi were also geographically structured, with only limited areas of potential contact. Although additional nuclear genomic and cytogenetic data remain necessary to distinguish among alternative evolutionary scenarios, our results provide a stronger empirical basis for evaluating the recognition of P. parecis while highlighting the importance of comprehensive geographic sampling when evaluating species boundaries in Amazonian primates.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	The Article Processing Charge (APC) for the publication of this research was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamen to de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (ROR identifier: 00x0ma614).
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Callicebinae, hybridization, species delimitation, geographic variation, Amazonia
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QL Zoology
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Faculty of Engineering & Science Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute
Last Modified:	23 Oct 2026 16:37
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/54820

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