Piazza, Anna ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-6948, Vasudevan, Srinidhi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-9112, Carr, Madelin and Datta Burton, Saheli (2026) Measuring voluntary standards diffusion: a five-step automated web-based framework. Technology in Society, 88:103465. ISSN 0160-791X (Print), 1879-3274 (Online) (doi:10.1016/j.ssmhs.2026.100253)

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Abstract

Prior studies on voluntary standards have employed different methods of measuring diffusion but have yet to develop a multimethod automated framework to methodologically examine the uptake of these voluntary standards at a global scale. Understanding the need for a combined approach, our work provides a five-step automated framework that integrates Web Crawling, Natural Language Processing and Social Network Analysis to measure voluntary standards diffusion across unstructured web data at large scale. In this approach, web crawling is used to extract data from unstructured data sources, Natural Language Processing is used to semantically analyse unstructured information into structured information, and network analysis is used to visualise bipartite and one-mode co-occurrence networks. We present a case study based on the diffusion of the UK 2018 Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security, to demonstrate how the empirical results from this approach can evaluate voluntary standard initiatives and inform technology governance strategies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	voluntary standards, standards diffusion, webometrics, natural language processing, social network analysis, IoT security
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) P Language and Literature > P Philology. Linguistics Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science
Faculty / School / Research Centre / Research Group:	Greenwich Business School Greenwich Business School > Networks and Urban Systems Centre (NUSC) Greenwich Business School > School of Business, Operations and Strategy
Last Modified:	14 Jul 2026 14:05
URI:	https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/53955

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