Understanding changes in cardiovascular pathologies

Chummun, Harry (2009) Understanding changes in cardiovascular pathologies. British Journal of Nursing, 18 (6). pp. 359-364. ISSN 0966-0461 (Print), 0966-0461 (Online)

Abstract

Cardiovascular pathophysiological changes such as hypertension and enlarged ventricles, reflect altered structures and functions of the heart and its circulation in illhealth. This paper analyses the normal and altered anatomy and physiology of cardiac valves, the contractile elements and enzymes of the myocardium, the significance of the different factors associated with cardiac output and the role of the autonomic nervous system in heart beat. It also explores how certain diseases alter these functions and cause cardiac symptoms. Nurses can benefit from knowledge of these specific pathophysiological changes for example by phrasing questions to ascertain the nature of these changes through an effective history taking and by reading of diagnostic results such as electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes to be able to promote sound cardiac care based on physiological rationale.

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